But there's a catch - if you normalize these data to the total number of R01s and F31s awarded in 2023, the story changes: a greater *percentage* of the trainee awards have been cancelled as compared to non-trainee awards.

At first glance, it looks like most terminated grants from the NIH are R01s, which are awarded to established scientists to fund the work of their labs. The next most common grant category is the F31, a training grant supporting the professional development of outstanding graduate students.