11/ A fun fact: I first met Sudhir at NEUDC 2023. After the first day of the conference, we went for drinks with other participants, and his phone ran out of battery — I lent him my charger. And just like that, our coauthorship began! We’re really glad it happened.

10/ That’s all for today — thanks for stopping by! Our draft will be ready soon. All feedback is more than welcome!

9/Our main message: Investments in higher education infrastructure can yield returns that extend well beyond
labor market outcomes.

8/Regarding social norms, the effects of college access even go beyond the household level. Women in treated districts have greater freedom 🕊️

7/The second mechanism has two parts: social norms and empowerment. We first show that women were ⬆️ likely to report that domestic violence is unjustified, they have improvements in ownership and more participation in household decision-making.

6/ Women in treated districts ⬆️ 14.7 minutes more on paid employment work, ⬆️12 minutes on own-used production and ⬇️ 13 minutes on domestic tasks

5/The next question is "Why that is the case?" We provide two sets of mechanisms:
- Changes in Women's Time Allocation
- Changes in Social norms and Empowerment

4/Using RDD, we report that the college expansion program reduced the likelihood of domestic violence by about 4 percentage points (all type of violence). Interestingly, the effect is driven by the younger cohort, who are more likely to exposed to the program.

3/We show that the program indeed increased the number of colleges in treated districts and educational attainment of women rose as a result👩‍🎓👩‍🎓👩‍🎓

2/We examine the effect of a college expansion program India since 2008. The program provided college construction grants to build new colleges in districts with lower gross enrollment ration than the national average (12.4).

1/Education fights domestic violence—but how? We know some effects of compulsory schooling, yet the impact of higher education policies remains an open question.

@luongthuha presents a fascinating pattern that the Juntos cash transfer program in Peru is associated with shifts in gender attitudes toward traditional gender norms, seemingly driven by maternal time allocation