To avoid the appearance of being forced to close the camps, the FDR administration issued Public Proclamation No. 21 one day before the Endo and Korematsu rulings were made public. The Court reportedly delayed announcing its decisions to give the government time to announce the closures. /5

In 1980, President Carter appointed a commission to investigate, which determined that internment had been driven by racism. In 1988, President Reagan signed a bill to compensate each of the 82,219 surviving internees with a tax-free check for $20,000 and an apology. /end