Pain in your nipples or breasts whilst breastfeeding is most often linked to how you are holding your baby and bringing them to your breast (often referred to as positioning and attachment). Before co...

Just as there is a robust science that supports development and rigorous testing of clinical innovations, the emerging field of implementation science is developing new theory-based knowledge regarding a growing portfolio of meticulously tested implementation strategies that seek to improve uptake o …

Mastitis can be an unwelcome and debilitating visitor to breastfeeding mothers. The mammary gland has its own microbiome that can be affected by reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment during the first 3 months postpartum, as well as the receipt of antibiotics during the last trimester of pregnancy. This can leave the breast vulnerable to pathologic bacterial overgrowth. Mammary dysbiosis is a process whereby the population of potential pathogens increases at the expense of the normal mammary microbiota. Multiresistance to antibiotics plus tricky evasion techniques engaged in by bacterial agents can result in microbes that are elusive to antibiotic therapy. Therefore, new strategies are needed for the treatment of this threat to continued breastfeeding. Bacteriotherapy, targeting harmless bacteria to displace pathologic organisms, is an emerging therapeutic intervention that uses probiotics instead of antibiotics. Once more high-quality clinical trials of strain-specific probiotics have been conducted, bacteriotherapy may move into mainstream mastitis treatment.

DMER (Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex) is a condition that generally causes excruciating nipple pain an/or icky feeling when breastfeeding and pumping.

Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as "thrush," is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, <i>Candida albicans</i>, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenviro …