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Journal of Experimental Botany
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Founded in 1950, the Journal of Experimental Botany (JXB) is a top-ranking journal owned by the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) and dedicated to publishing advances in plant science.

https://academic.oup.com/jxb

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Journal of Experimental Botany @jxbotany.bsky.social · 7d
📢 NEW ISSUE ALERT 📢

🌍 JXB Issue 20 of 2025 is out now 🌍

🍇🔥 On the cover: Wildfire smoke lingers in a vineyard in Davis, California in August 2020 - see Paineau et al. in this issue 🔥🍇

🔗👉 Read the full issue now: academic.oup.com/jxb...

#PlantScience 🧪 @sebiology.bsky.social
The cover of Vol 76 | Issue 20 | 2025 of the Journal of Experimental Botany. Dark brown banners border the top and bottom of the page and in the centre is an image of a vineyard. August, 2020: wildfire smoke lingers in a vineyard in Davis, California (photo credit: Arran Rumbaugh). Grapes absorb compounds in smoke leading to changes in berry composition and wine quality, termed smoke taint. See Paineau et al., pp. 6032–6050.
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🍅 DARWIN REVIEW 🍅

Jaryal et al. discuss the role of four stress hormones, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid, in the orchestration of signaling pathways that mediate tomato resilience and metabolism 📝

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 2.The role of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of tomato resilience and metabolism during different (a)biotic stress conditions. (A) Overview of the effect of different plant stress hormones on tomato resilience. Arrows and blocked arrows represent a positive and negative effect, respectively, and dotted lines represent an unclear effect of the hormone on tomato resilience in the specific stress condition. (B and C) Overview of the effect of different plant stress hormones on tomato metabolism in (B) fruit and (C) vegetative tissues. Upwards and downwards pointing arrows represent positive and negative regulation, respectively. Created in BioRender.Toçilla, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/k49a446.
December 1, 2025 at 3:23 PM
Reposted by Journal of Experimental Botany
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🍅 #TomatoTuesday on Monday and I am here for all the 🍅 #PlantScience! 🍅
jxbotany.bsky.social Journal of Experimental Botany @jxbotany.bsky.social · 8h
📝 SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORIAL 📝

🍅 Tomato 🍅

🔎 Guest editors Gibon, Beckles, Osorio & Ezura dive into the reviews, technical innovations and original research articles in this special issue that address the major challenges facing the tomato industry 🍅

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Ripe tomato fruit on its truss (credit: Marine Honoré).
December 1, 2025 at 2:44 PM
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📝 SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORIAL 📝

🍅 Tomato 🍅

🔎 Guest editors Gibon, Beckles, Osorio & Ezura dive into the reviews, technical innovations and original research articles in this special issue that address the major challenges facing the tomato industry 🍅

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Ripe tomato fruit on its truss (credit: Marine Honoré).
December 1, 2025 at 1:49 PM
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🌊 SPECIAL ISSUE REVIEW 🌊

Flooding stress can severely impact tomato cultivation and productivity. Eerdekens et al. explore low-oxygen stress in tomato, including hypoxia signaling, hormonal regulation, and physiological and morphological responses 🌊🍅

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 2.Schematic overview of the morphological and biochemical responses of tomato towards waterlogging stress. (A) Waterlogging impairs photosynthesis by reducing chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. (B) Plants switch to an anaerobic metabolism induced by the hypoxic conditions. (C) Stomatal closure is induced, lowering transpiration rates. (D) Epinasty, or downward leaf bending, is induced to reduce light interception and thus transpiration and photodamage. (E) Emergence of adventitious roots at the stem base to replace damaged roots and aid in recovery. (F) Aerenchyma formation to enhance internal oxygen diffusion. The role of different hormones and signaling molecules is indicated in each process. ET, ethylene; IAA, auxin; ABA, abscisic acid; CK, cytokinins. Created in Biorender. Vanden Broeck, E. (2025) https://BioRender.com/ymc5n71.
December 1, 2025 at 12:19 PM
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📣 Check out the Journal of Experimental Botany's newest special issue 📣

🍅 Tomato - Issue 21 of 2025 🍅
📘 Guest edited by Yves Gibon, Diane Beckles, Sonia Osorio & Hiroshi Ezura

🔗 academic.oup.com/jxb...

#JXBspecialissues #PlantScience 🧪 @sebiology.bsky.social @dianemariabeckles.bsky.social
The cover of Vol 76 | Issue 21 | 2025 of the Journal of Experimental Botany, Special Issue: Tomato. Purple banners border the top and bottom of the page and in the centre is an image of a ripe tomato fruit on its truss (credit: Marine Honoré).
December 1, 2025 at 10:14 AM
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🧬 RESEARCH 🧬

The endosomal sorting complex protein FYVE4, vital for biogenesis of multivesicular endosomes & vacuolar degradation of membrane proteins, interacts with PYL receptors to destabilize PYL4 & suppress abscisic acid signaling - Chen et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 5 2 (shortened, full legend in paper): ABA positively regulates FYVE4 expression and enhances FYVE4–PYL4 interaction. (A) RT-qPCR assay to determine the transcriptional level of FYVE4 in response to ABA. Five-day-old seedlings were transferred to a liquid medium in the presence or absence of 50 μM ABA for the indicated times, then were collected for RNA extraction and RT-qPCR assay. ACTIN2 was used as the reference gene for statistical analysis. Three replicates were conducted, with values representing the mean ±SE. (B) FYVE4 protein showed an increasing and then decreasing trend in response to ABA treatment. Seedlings of the WT grown on solid 1/2 MS medium for 5 d were transferred to liquid medium containing 50 μM ABA for the indicated times. Samples were collected and subjected to immunoblot assays with FYVE4 and Actin antibodies.
November 30, 2025 at 3:18 PM
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🧬🌾 RESEARCH 🌾🧬

CnERF109 positively regulates expression of phospholipase isoform-encoding CnPLA1 to enhance lipid remodeling and antioxidant defense, thereby improving cold tolerance in Qinghai–Tibet Campeiostachys nutans Griseb - Jiang et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 11.Working model delineating the CnERF109–CnPLA1 transcriptional regulatory module mediating cold tolerance in C. nutans. Cold stress induces rapid up-regulation of CnERF109 expression. The activated CnERF109 transcription factor directly binds GCC-box motifs in the CnPLA1 promoter, triggering CnPLA1 expression and subsequent α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, C18:3) accumulation. Enhanced phospholipase A1 activity elevates membrane lipid unsaturation (↑C18:3), thereby stimulating jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. This JA accumulation initiates a self-reinforcing cycle by reciprocally inducing CnPLA1 expression and amplifying α-LeA production. The coordinated signaling cascade maintains cellular redox homeostasis through up-regulated antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, and POD), ultimately conferring cold tolerance.
November 30, 2025 at 12:19 PM
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🌡️🌿 RESEARCH 🌡️🌿

This study reveals the genetic control of leaf temperature by identifying QTLs and linking its variability to the large genetic variation of morpho-physiological traits involved in the leaf energy balance - Chir et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 1 (shortened, full legend in paper): Influence of leaf morpho-physiological traits and climatic conditions on leaf temperature through the components of the leaf energy balance: latent heat flux (L), sensible heat flux (H), and net radiative balance (Rn). (A) Traits in red were measured on the grapevine panel with Tleaf, leaf temperature (K); gs, stomatal conductance (mol m−2 s−1); area, leaf flattened area (cm2); unfolding: folded leaf area/unfolded leaf area ratio (dimensionless); inclination, leaf downward angle with respect to horizontal (°); reflectance, reflectance of the leaf (dimensionless); transmittance, transmittance of the leaf (dimensionless). Climatic variables influencing leaf energy balance are VPDair, vapour pressure deficit in the air (Pa), a function of air vapour pressure (VPair) and air temperature (Tair); wind, wind speed (m s−1);
November 30, 2025 at 10:30 AM
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🧬🍚 RESEARCH 🍚🧬

Rice microRNA1439 coordinates blast resistance and grain development and dynamically regulates the expression of target genes OsRFPH2-6 & OsFLO2, providing a target for breeding resistant cultivars without yield penalty - Liu et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 7.A proposed working model illustrating how miR1439 fine-tunes rice immunity and growth. Under normal conditions, miR1439 is maintained at low levels, allowing OsFLO2 to evade miR1439-mediated inhibition, and promoting rice growth and development. However, upon infection by M. oryzae, the expression of miR1439 is up-regulated, which enhances the rice immune response. This is possibly achieved through the suppression of OsRFPH2-6 and/or other targets, thereby reinforcing the defense mechanisms of the plant against the pathogen.
November 29, 2025 at 3:14 PM
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🧬🌾 RESEARCH 🧬🌾

Wazuhophek forms efficient roots with superior crown roots, leading to higher phosphorus in shoots. QTL mapping reveals the genetic basis for key traits, offering insights for improving phosphorus efficiency - Kohli et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 1.Morphophysiological assessment of six genotypes under three different phosphorus (P) concentrations at 42 days after germination (DAG). Representative images of six genotypes at 42 DAG grown under (A) 200 µM, (B) 15 µM, and (C) 0 µM P concentrations. (D–E) Biomass traits: (D) shoot DW (SDW), (E) root DW (RDW), (F and G) GP-related traits: (F) shoot P content (SPCT) and (G) root P content (RPCT) under different P regimes, (H) shoot physiological P use efficiency (SPPUE), and (I) root physiological P use efficiency (RPPUE) are compared for six genotypes under 0 µM P. Each bar shows the mean of three replicates (nine plants), with the SE. Letters indicate significant differences among the genotypes, which was estimated using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc test (P<0.05). The scale bar in the images represents 5 cm.
November 29, 2025 at 12:19 PM
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🍚 RESEARCH 🍚

The rice endodermal Casparian strip maintains normal expression of the transporters for Mn uptake at limited Mn concentration and prevents Mn diffusion to the stele at high Mn concentration - Fujii et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 6.Cellular localization of OsMTP9 and its protein abundance in the roots of oscasp1 mutants and the WT. (A–C, G–I, and M–O) Cellular localization of OsMTP9 in the roots of the WT (A, G, and M) and oscasp1 mutants (B–C, H–I, and N–O) grown at 0.5 µM (A–C), 50 µM (G–I), and 500 µM Mn (M–O). Scale bar=50 µm. (D–F, J–L, and P–R) Enlarged image of endodermis in (A–C, G–I, and M–O). Scale bar=50 µm. (S, T) Quantification of OsMTP9 signal intensity in the exodermis (S) and endodermis (T) of the WT and oscasp1 mutants. The WT and oscasp1 mutants (6 d old) were exposed to different Mn concentrations (0.5, 50, and 500 µM) for 6 h. Immunostaining was performed using the seminal root cross-section (20 mm from the apex). Red color shows the signal from OsMTP9 and blue color that from cell wall autofluorescence. The data are presented as means ±SD (n=60–85). Significant differences were determined by Tukey–Kramer’s test and labeled with different letters (P<0.01).
November 29, 2025 at 10:01 AM
Reposted by Journal of Experimental Botany
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Unlocking sugar subcellular dynamics: The crucial function and regulation of tonoplast sugar transporters in plant response to climate change academic.oup.com/jxb/article-... @jxbotany.bsky.social
Unlocking sugar subcellular dynamics: The crucial function and regulation of tonoplast sugar transporters in plant response to climate change
Abstract. Tonoplast sugar transporters are key regulators of intracellular sugar partitioning, mediating sugar flux between the cytosol and vacuole—an esse
academic.oup.com
November 28, 2025 at 7:38 PM
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🌿🌳 RESEARCH 🌿🌳

☀️ Cuticle thickness determines minimum leaf conductance, with plant light requirement strategies playing a critical role ☀️

✍️ Liao et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 5.Conceptual model showing the co-variation between cuticle thickness and fraction of epidermis allocated to stomata. (A, C, E) Shade-tolerant species invest in thicker cuticle and there is a lower fraction of epidermis allocated to stomata. (B, D, F) Conversely, light-demanding species tend to present a thinner cuticle and higher fraction of epidermis allocated to stomata. Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscope images reveal the cuticle thickness of the adaxial side (Tc-adaxial) and stomatal distribution in Cratoxylum cochinchinense (a light-demanding species) and Cryptocarya concinna (a shade-tolerant species). Red dashed lines indicate the edge of the cuticle and red triangles indicate the thickness of the cuticle.
November 28, 2025 at 3:12 PM
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🌼 RESEARCH 🌼

🛡️ BnaA07.WRKY40, a WRKY transcription factor, plays vital roles in controlling defensive response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via the regulation of different target genes including HRP, BG2, PEP1, & ACNAT in Brassica napus - Lin et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 10.Schematic model of BnaA07.WRKY40 regulating plant susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus. Plants recognize extracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on their cell membranes, initiating the MAPK cascade. BnaA07.WRKY40 is either phosphorylated and activated by this cascade or induced by various phytohormones. In response to S. sclerotiorum infection, BnaA07.WRKY40 proteins dimerize and bind to W-box cis-elements in the promoter regions of downstream target genes, such as HRP, BG2, PEP1, and ACNAT. Created in BioRender. Lin, C. (2025) https://BioRender.com/axj3egz.
November 28, 2025 at 1:04 PM
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🧬🫛 RESEARCH 🧬🫛

This study presents a high-quality genome of Cajanus platycarpus, revealing structural, evolutionary, and defence-related gene insights that underscore its potential as a reservoir of stress-adaptive traits - Rathinam et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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Fig. 1.Morphological and genomic features of the pigeonpea wild relative Cajanus platycarpus. (A) A 9-week-old plant in the vegetative phase. (B) Two-week-old pods. (C) Mature seeds. (D) Identification of chromosome number by karyotyping. (E) K-mer based in silico genome size estimation. (F) Interaction map of Hi-C data of the assembled genome. Each blue frame represents one chromosome. (G) The landscape of genomic features of wild pigeonpea. From the outermost to innermost layer: the first layer illustrates the distribution of 11 chromosomes (in Mb); the second, third, and fourth layers denote gene density, coding sequence (CDS) density, and exon density, respectively; the fifth layer denotes GC content (%); the sixth layer denotes GC skew. n denotes count within the 1 Mb window size.
November 28, 2025 at 10:47 AM
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🍇 RESEARCH 🍇

Using the model grapevine Pixie genome, transcriptomics & volatile phenol profiling identifies smoke-inducible glycosyltransferases involved in early grape berry responses to smoke & potentially linked to wine smoke taint - Paineau et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 1 (shortened, full legend in paper): GT1 expression in grapes during the ripening process. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of berry transcriptome expression levels per sample throughout the ripening process. Samples are shown along a gradient scale indicating progression from tp00 (Time Point 0) to tp11 (Time Point 11). Pre-veraison samples are shown as triangles, and post-veraison samples are shown as circles. (B) Heatmap of annotated GT1 expression [log10(TPM+1)] in the Pinot Noir genome. Samples are displayed in columns, with color-coded annotations above indicating sample characteristics. The time point gradient align with the PCA in (A). Rows represent individual GT1 genes, clustered hierarchically into five clusters, labeled on the right side of the heatmap. (C) Expression profiles of the five GT1 clusters identified in (B) during the ripening process, illustrating distinct patterns of GT1 expression (in TPM) across time points and developmental stages.
November 28, 2025 at 9:35 AM
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🌿☀️ RESEARCH ☀️🌿

Wang et al. show that Ycf1 overaccumulation inhibits chloroplast-encoded core subunits synthesis, causing imbalance between photosynthetic core & light-harvesting complexes, leading to hyperstacked non-functional grana thylakoids.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 3 (shortened, full legend in paper): Abnormal thylakoid ultrastructure in ycf1 transplastomic lines. (A–F) TEM analysis of the wild type (WT, A), the PlyGBS line (B), and the OE15 (C, D) and OE21 (E, F) lines. In contrast to the wild type, the grana thylakoids in the ycf1 OE plants are hyperstacked, while the stroma lamellae are nearly absent (C, E). Some chloroplasts of the ycf1 lines contain inflated or rudimentary thylakoid membranes (D, F). The boxed areas are enlarged on the right. The insets show the seedlings that were used for TEM analysis (with the arrowhead indicating the leaf that was analyzed). Scale bars, 1 μm for the images on the left, 500 nm for the enlargement on the right, and 0.5 mm for the insets (seedlings). The TEM analyses were repeated using seedlings from independent experiments with similar results.
November 27, 2025 at 3:42 PM
Reposted by Journal of Experimental Botany
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🫘🦠 RESEARCH 🦠🫘

Non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria and specific compounds enhance the abundance of Xanthobacteraceae within root nodules under cadmium stress and Xanthobacteraceae support the nitrogen-fixing activity of Bradyrhizobium bacteria - Wang et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Graphical abstract: Rhizobia–soybean symbiosis is essential for agriculture and ecosystems, yet it is vulnerable to disruption by cadmium (Cd) pollution. Here, we investigated the protective role of non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria on soybean (Glycine max) under Cd-induced stress. Three Cd-immobilizing bacteria were identified: Arthrobacter sp. CC3, Pseudarthrobacter sp. CC12, and Mesorhizobium sp. CC13. These bacteria reduced the bioavailable Cd content in the soil, decreased Cd accumulation in soybeans, and increased nodule nitrogenase activity. However, no nitrogenase genes were identified in the genomes of the three strains. Soil metabolomics showed increased levels of octanoic acid, propafenone, and levonorgestrel after introducing bacteria. Subsequent soybean pot experiments demonstrated the ability of these strains and compounds to enhance nodule nitrogenase activity and reduce Cd content in soybeans.
November 27, 2025 at 1:20 PM
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🫘🦠 RESEARCH 🦠🫘

Non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria and specific compounds enhance the abundance of Xanthobacteraceae within root nodules under cadmium stress and Xanthobacteraceae support the nitrogen-fixing activity of Bradyrhizobium bacteria - Wang et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Graphical abstract: Rhizobia–soybean symbiosis is essential for agriculture and ecosystems, yet it is vulnerable to disruption by cadmium (Cd) pollution. Here, we investigated the protective role of non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria on soybean (Glycine max) under Cd-induced stress. Three Cd-immobilizing bacteria were identified: Arthrobacter sp. CC3, Pseudarthrobacter sp. CC12, and Mesorhizobium sp. CC13. These bacteria reduced the bioavailable Cd content in the soil, decreased Cd accumulation in soybeans, and increased nodule nitrogenase activity. However, no nitrogenase genes were identified in the genomes of the three strains. Soil metabolomics showed increased levels of octanoic acid, propafenone, and levonorgestrel after introducing bacteria. Subsequent soybean pot experiments demonstrated the ability of these strains and compounds to enhance nodule nitrogenase activity and reduce Cd content in soybeans.
November 27, 2025 at 1:20 PM
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🍭🍃 RESEARCH 🍃🍭

Trehalose 6-phosphate, a sugar signalling metabolite, is mainly present in the bundle sheath cells of Setaria viridis leaves - Tonetti et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 1.Phylogenetic relationships of Setaria viridis TPS proteins. TPS protein sequences were collated from Setaria viridis (Sv) and other selected species: Ac, Ananas comosus; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Bd, Brachypodium distachyon; Mc, Musa acuminata; Os, Oryza sativa; Pt, Populus trichocarpa; Pv, Phaseolus vulgaris; Ta, Triticum aestivum; Zm, Zea mays (see Supplementary Table S1 for gene/protein identifiers). A distance-based tree was reconstructed using the BioNJ algorithm. Numbers in nodes represent the bootstrap obtained for 1000 replicates. The tree is rooted on the E. coli TPS (otsA). Subclades in the tree are coloured according to the position of A. thaliana TPS sequences, with the exception of the monocot-specific subclade. S. viridis sequences are highlighted.
November 27, 2025 at 10:33 AM
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🦠 RESEARCH 🦠

The growth and morphogenesis of the giant coenocytic green alga Bryopsis can be promoted by bacteria of the genus Ruegeria 🦠

✍️ Ochiai & Goshima

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 1.Research flowchart and summary. ASV, amplicon sequence variant; MB, Marine Broth.
November 27, 2025 at 9:11 AM
Reposted by Journal of Experimental Botany
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☀️🧬 RESEARCH 🧬☀️

This work introduces Linkage Integration Hypothesis Testing (LIgHT) for mechanistic studies of natural variations, exemplified by photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms that underlie natural variations to abiotic stress - Hoh et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 7.Summary of the LIgHT approach results and model, which shows genetically determined photosynthetic responses to chilling stress. Using high-throughput phenotyping and the LIgHT approach, we tested three main possible limitations: PSII limitation (A), PSI limitation (B), and NLM (C). Through the co-linkage test in LIgHT step 2, we confirmed that PSII limitation is the primary limitation under chilling stress, not PSI limitation or NLM. In LIgHT step 3, genetically modulated PSII inhibition mechanisms (Chrs 4 and 9) in response to chilling were defined. Chilling induces increased pmf (D), excitation pressure on QA (E), and photoinhibition (F) by substantially increasing photodamage, with a minor decrease in PSII repair.
November 26, 2025 at 3:00 PM
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☀️🧬 RESEARCH 🧬☀️

This work introduces Linkage Integration Hypothesis Testing (LIgHT) for mechanistic studies of natural variations, exemplified by photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms that underlie natural variations to abiotic stress - Hoh et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 7.Summary of the LIgHT approach results and model, which shows genetically determined photosynthetic responses to chilling stress. Using high-throughput phenotyping and the LIgHT approach, we tested three main possible limitations: PSII limitation (A), PSI limitation (B), and NLM (C). Through the co-linkage test in LIgHT step 2, we confirmed that PSII limitation is the primary limitation under chilling stress, not PSI limitation or NLM. In LIgHT step 3, genetically modulated PSII inhibition mechanisms (Chrs 4 and 9) in response to chilling were defined. Chilling induces increased pmf (D), excitation pressure on QA (E), and photoinhibition (F) by substantially increasing photodamage, with a minor decrease in PSII repair.
November 26, 2025 at 3:00 PM
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🌡️🌾 EDITOR'S CHOICE 🌾🌡️

In the C4 grass Setaria viridis, the β form of Rubisco activase is essential for growth at 25°C, while the α form supports photosynthesis under heat stress - Hotto et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...

#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 4.Growth phenotype of S. viridis wild type (WT) and Rubisco activase α and β knockouts (αKOs, βKOs). Plants were germinated and grown at 9000 ppm CO2 for 28 d, after which they were transferred to growth chambers at ambient air (approximately 400 ppm CO2) at either 25 °C or 40 °C until maturity. DAS, days after sowing. Representative plants of each genotype are shown at left. Scale bar: 15.24 cm. The αKO and βKO data in the graphs (right) are averages from events 1 and 2. Plant height was measured from the top of the soil to the base of the youngest fully expanded leaf on the primary panicle (right; n=6–36) after 2, 7 and 14 d at 400 ppm CO2 and either 25 °C or 40 °C. Different lowercase letters show significant differences (P<0.05) determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test (28 DAS) or two-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test (35–49 DAS).
November 26, 2025 at 1:58 PM
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🌾 RESEARCH 🌾

Cytoplasmic hybrid wheat possessing a mitochondrial genome derived from maize, a C4-type crop, was produced by an IVF system, and the maize mitochondrial DNA in the cybrids was stably transmitted to progenies - Onda et al.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
#PlantScience 🧪
Fig. 1.Gamete combination of produced zygotes. (A) WeWs zygotes were produced by fusing a wheat egg (We) and a wheat sperm (Ws). (B) MeMs zygotes were produced by fusing a maize egg (Me) and a maize sperm (Ms). (C) WeMs zygotes were produced by fusing a We and a Ms. (D) MeWs zygotes were produced by reciprocal fusion to WeMs. (E) MeWeWs zygotes were produced by fusing additional We into MeWs. (F) Double zygote (DZ; MeMsWeWs) zygotes were produced using two methods. In method 1, a Me and a Ws were fused; after that, the fused product (MeWs) was further fused with a Ms and finally with a We. In method 2, first a We and a Ws were fused; a Me and a Ms were fused as well; and finally, the WeWs and MeMs zygotes that were produced were fused.
November 26, 2025 at 11:08 AM