More to come soon, including code to easily use our measures yourself!
More to come soon, including code to easily use our measures yourself!
✅ Simple, intuitive, and easily extended to any type or number of dimensions
✅ Simple, intuitive, and easily extended to any type or number of dimensions
-- Dimensions can collapse into 1D polarization (see PT)
-- Dimensions can be orthogonal and produce 2D polarization (see NL)
🚨 Reinforcing vs. cross-cutting polarization have different consequences for democracy!
-- Dimensions can collapse into 1D polarization (see PT)
-- Dimensions can be orthogonal and produce 2D polarization (see NL)
🚨 Reinforcing vs. cross-cutting polarization have different consequences for democracy!
⚠️ Summing up individual polarization scores assumes dimensional independence
➡️ We need an alternative approach!
⚠️ Summing up individual polarization scores assumes dimensional independence
➡️ We need an alternative approach!
European party systems are complex, fragmented, and structured by multiple ideological divides (e.g., economic + cultural)
European party systems are complex, fragmented, and structured by multiple ideological divides (e.g., economic + cultural)