Many thanks to friends and colleagues for the helpful conversations about the topic, as well as to the excellent editorial team at Just Security.

@tmcasser.bsky.social | #sanctions #genocideconvention #obligationtoprevent

In light of Israel's renewed attack on Gaza City, as well as the hugely important recent findings of the Commission of Inquiry, it is particularly urgent for states to consider what steps international law requires them to take.

I conclude that states are entitled to take numerous different measures against Israel in line with international law. Secondly, I argue that the obligation to prevent genocide will, in many contexts, require the creation of sanctions, particularly where other measures (e.g., diplomacy) have failed.

Taking stock of recent calls to take sanctions against Israel for its violations of international law in Palestine, I set out a framework for answering two key questions: what can states do? And, what must they do?

For more detail (in Dutch) see here: nos.nl/nieuwsuur/ar...

Notably, the terms of Morrison (UK) and Hofmański (Poland) have both ended, which would leave Guillou (France) and Prost (Canada) as the only two serving judges involved in the relevant decisions that haven't been sanctioned.