We also confirm mechanisms of the Amazon dieback in terms of climate drivers, ecological processes and land-use change effects

We look at CMIP5 and CMIP6 Earth System models under high-emission scenarios that have extensions up to 23rd century - 9 out of 12 models project localized to large-scale rainforest dieback that starts already within the 21st century

The latter combined effect (cross-term) has the most complex representation, where changes in CO2 concentrations and temperatures interact to influence carbon sinks. See the comparison of gamma+cross term effects on land & ocean

This is because of existence of 3 feedback mechanisms: (1) the effect of changes in CO2 concentration on carbon sinks through CO2 fertilisation effects and the solubility pump (beta), (2) the effect of temperature changes on carbon sinks (gamma), and (3) a “combined effect”

We show that combined mitigation that addresses both types of gases can deliver faster and greater cooling than tackling CO2 alone