Original Program Name WorldWideWeb (later renamed Nexus to avoid confusion with the World Wide Web itself) Primary Creator Tim Berners-Lee (at CERN, with early project collaboration and advocacy by Robert Cailliau) Where It Was Built CERN (the European particle physics laboratory in Geneva) When It Was Built Development accelerated in 1990; by late 1990

RAM Facts and Milestones Full Name Random Access Memory Core Idea Any stored bit can be reached directly by its address, not by waiting for a sequence. Main Role Holds working data and active code so the CPU can access them quickly. Volatility Volatile memory: contents fade when power is removed (by design, not a flaw). Earliest Widely Cited “True” Random-Access Digital Storage…

Invention Email (electronic mail) as networked digital messages Primary Credit Ray Tomlinson at BBN (Bolt, Beranek and Newman), Cambridge, Massachusetts First Network Email Late 1971 on ARPANET, between two TENEX machines placed side by side Core Breakthrough Mail that can move between different hosts, not only users on the same computer Address Pattern user@host

Invention Printing Press with movable type Common Credit Johannes Gutenberg (European movable metal type system) Approximate Date c. 1440 (development), with major outputs in the 1450s Place Mainz, in today’s Germany Core Breakthrough Reusable metal letters, fast composition, and repeatable printing on paper Key Components Hand mold for casting type, type metal alloy, oil-based ink

Inventions are not just clever objects. They are repeatable solutions that scale human effort, turn ideas into tools, and make everyday life safer, faster, and more connected.