immunoboys
@immunoboys.bsky.social
We read papers, so you'll want to, too.
An unholy amalgation of T cell tamer @dlwagner.bsky.social and kidney lover @lostendorf.bsky.social
An unholy amalgation of T cell tamer @dlwagner.bsky.social and kidney lover @lostendorf.bsky.social
Adapting the 10x workflow to detect EBV reads, Younis et al show that EBV-transcribing B cells are increased in SLE patients, especially among CD27+CD21low B cells. They have autoreactive BCRs and are more poised for antigen-presentation.
2025 Sci Transl Med 🧪 ⑂
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
2025 Sci Transl Med 🧪 ⑂
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
November 13, 2025 at 10:48 PM
Adapting the 10x workflow to detect EBV reads, Younis et al show that EBV-transcribing B cells are increased in SLE patients, especially among CD27+CD21low B cells. They have autoreactive BCRs and are more poised for antigen-presentation.
2025 Sci Transl Med 🧪 ⑂
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
2025 Sci Transl Med 🧪 ⑂
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Ubiquitinylation is more complex than just a signal for proteasomal degradation: Linear ubiquitinylation of Methionine-1 is important for NFkB signalling.
LOF of the Deubiquitinylase OTULIN leads to an autoinflammatory disease with a TNF positive feedback loop.
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LOF of the Deubiquitinylase OTULIN leads to an autoinflammatory disease with a TNF positive feedback loop.
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October 20, 2025 at 7:51 PM
Ubiquitinylation is more complex than just a signal for proteasomal degradation: Linear ubiquitinylation of Methionine-1 is important for NFkB signalling.
LOF of the Deubiquitinylase OTULIN leads to an autoinflammatory disease with a TNF positive feedback loop.
🧪 ⑂
1/2
LOF of the Deubiquitinylase OTULIN leads to an autoinflammatory disease with a TNF positive feedback loop.
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1/2
Tregs in the skin reduce the activation of sensory neurons by producing enkephalin. This inhibits secondary inflammatory changes mediated by the neurons. (in 🐭)
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Mendoza et al 2025 in Science Immunology
www.science.org/doi/full/10....
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Mendoza et al 2025 in Science Immunology
www.science.org/doi/full/10....
October 18, 2025 at 12:17 AM
Tregs in the skin reduce the activation of sensory neurons by producing enkephalin. This inhibits secondary inflammatory changes mediated by the neurons. (in 🐭)
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Mendoza et al 2025 in Science Immunology
www.science.org/doi/full/10....
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Mendoza et al 2025 in Science Immunology
www.science.org/doi/full/10....
CRISPR screening factors influencing Th1 vs Th2 differentiation, RAMP3 which forms part of a CGRP receptor is a positive regulator of Th1 differention. CGRP acts by increasing intracellular cAMP and ultimately ATF3 activity it induces STAT1 and thereby Th1 differentiation. in 🐭
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October 13, 2025 at 12:27 AM
CRISPR screening factors influencing Th1 vs Th2 differentiation, RAMP3 which forms part of a CGRP receptor is a positive regulator of Th1 differention. CGRP acts by increasing intracellular cAMP and ultimately ATF3 activity it induces STAT1 and thereby Th1 differentiation. in 🐭
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🧪 ⑂ 1/2
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells can transition to become cDC2s under to influence of TNF, while type-I interferon reduces TNFR expression and thereby inhibits transition. These transitioned cDC2 seem fully functional. 🧪 ⑂
Hornero et al 2025 in Nat Immunol
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Hornero et al 2025 in Nat Immunol
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
September 11, 2025 at 2:51 AM
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells can transition to become cDC2s under to influence of TNF, while type-I interferon reduces TNFR expression and thereby inhibits transition. These transitioned cDC2 seem fully functional. 🧪 ⑂
Hornero et al 2025 in Nat Immunol
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Hornero et al 2025 in Nat Immunol
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Horisberger et al separate Lupus nephritis patients in 3 groups by blood:
healthy-like, interferon-dominant and CD8 T cell-dominant.
The CD8 T cell-dominant group had the highest biopsy activity score and highest response rate after 1 year; the healthy-like the most chronic damage. 🧪 ⑂ #NephSky
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healthy-like, interferon-dominant and CD8 T cell-dominant.
The CD8 T cell-dominant group had the highest biopsy activity score and highest response rate after 1 year; the healthy-like the most chronic damage. 🧪 ⑂ #NephSky
1/
September 6, 2025 at 5:16 PM
Horisberger et al separate Lupus nephritis patients in 3 groups by blood:
healthy-like, interferon-dominant and CD8 T cell-dominant.
The CD8 T cell-dominant group had the highest biopsy activity score and highest response rate after 1 year; the healthy-like the most chronic damage. 🧪 ⑂ #NephSky
1/
healthy-like, interferon-dominant and CD8 T cell-dominant.
The CD8 T cell-dominant group had the highest biopsy activity score and highest response rate after 1 year; the healthy-like the most chronic damage. 🧪 ⑂ #NephSky
1/
A synonymous mitochondrial variant is negatively selected against in short-lived CD8 effectors – How?
The variant changes tRNA pairing from Watson-Crick-Franklin to wobble, thereby reducing translational efficiency in high energy demand. 🧪 ⑂
Lareau et al – 2025
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
The variant changes tRNA pairing from Watson-Crick-Franklin to wobble, thereby reducing translational efficiency in high energy demand. 🧪 ⑂
Lareau et al – 2025
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
September 2, 2025 at 1:59 PM
A synonymous mitochondrial variant is negatively selected against in short-lived CD8 effectors – How?
The variant changes tRNA pairing from Watson-Crick-Franklin to wobble, thereby reducing translational efficiency in high energy demand. 🧪 ⑂
Lareau et al – 2025
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
The variant changes tRNA pairing from Watson-Crick-Franklin to wobble, thereby reducing translational efficiency in high energy demand. 🧪 ⑂
Lareau et al – 2025
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Effector CD8 T cells have punctate mitochondria with loose cristae, favoring glycolysis and memory T cells elongated mitochondria with tight cristae, favoring OxPhos.
Pharmacologic remodeling of mitochondria improves Teffs in adoptive transfer. 🧪 ⑂
Buck et al 2016 doi.org/10.1016/j.ce...
Pharmacologic remodeling of mitochondria improves Teffs in adoptive transfer. 🧪 ⑂
Buck et al 2016 doi.org/10.1016/j.ce...
August 10, 2025 at 2:21 AM
Effector CD8 T cells have punctate mitochondria with loose cristae, favoring glycolysis and memory T cells elongated mitochondria with tight cristae, favoring OxPhos.
Pharmacologic remodeling of mitochondria improves Teffs in adoptive transfer. 🧪 ⑂
Buck et al 2016 doi.org/10.1016/j.ce...
Pharmacologic remodeling of mitochondria improves Teffs in adoptive transfer. 🧪 ⑂
Buck et al 2016 doi.org/10.1016/j.ce...
Resting MAIT cells generally express the non-cytotoxic Granzyme K, but rapidly switch to the cytotoxic Granzyme B upon stimulation. Consequently, previously stimulated MAITs kill much more target cells than resting ones. 🧪
Kurioka et al – 2015 – @mucosalimmunol.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1038/mi.2...
Kurioka et al – 2015 – @mucosalimmunol.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1038/mi.2...
July 30, 2025 at 10:36 PM
Resting MAIT cells generally express the non-cytotoxic Granzyme K, but rapidly switch to the cytotoxic Granzyme B upon stimulation. Consequently, previously stimulated MAITs kill much more target cells than resting ones. 🧪
Kurioka et al – 2015 – @mucosalimmunol.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1038/mi.2...
Kurioka et al – 2015 – @mucosalimmunol.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1038/mi.2...
MR1-presented cholic acid 7-sulfate + 3-sulfate are endogenous stimulatory ligands for MAIT cells. Stimulation is much weaker than by traditional ligand 5-OP-RU, potentially contributing to steady state activation and thymic generation of MAITs.
Ito et al 2024
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Ito et al 2024
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
July 20, 2025 at 1:08 AM
MR1-presented cholic acid 7-sulfate + 3-sulfate are endogenous stimulatory ligands for MAIT cells. Stimulation is much weaker than by traditional ligand 5-OP-RU, potentially contributing to steady state activation and thymic generation of MAITs.
Ito et al 2024
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Ito et al 2024
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA induces NLRP3 activation in pDCs. This leads to enhanced pDC function beyond IFNa production so that they produce IL1b, IL6 and IL21, inducing Tfh differentiation and autoimmunity (in 🐭).
Xian et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Xian et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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July 12, 2025 at 4:31 AM
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA induces NLRP3 activation in pDCs. This leads to enhanced pDC function beyond IFNa production so that they produce IL1b, IL6 and IL21, inducing Tfh differentiation and autoimmunity (in 🐭).
Xian et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Xian et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Individuals of subsaharan ancestry often have a Duffy Null blood group. DARC (the Duffy protein) is a multi-chemokine sink on red blood cells.
Duffy Null people have lower peripheral blood neutrophil counts, likely resulting from increased neutrophil egress into the periphery.
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Duffy Null people have lower peripheral blood neutrophil counts, likely resulting from increased neutrophil egress into the periphery.
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July 9, 2025 at 8:13 PM
Individuals of subsaharan ancestry often have a Duffy Null blood group. DARC (the Duffy protein) is a multi-chemokine sink on red blood cells.
Duffy Null people have lower peripheral blood neutrophil counts, likely resulting from increased neutrophil egress into the periphery.
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Duffy Null people have lower peripheral blood neutrophil counts, likely resulting from increased neutrophil egress into the periphery.
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I thought my scRNA data is bad with all the plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing Granzyme B. Turns out, human pDCs are known producers of Granzyme B and deliver it to T cells, inhibiting T cell expansion. 🧪⑂
Jahrsdörfer et al 2010 in @bloodjournals.hematology.org
doi.org/10.1182/bloo...
Jahrsdörfer et al 2010 in @bloodjournals.hematology.org
doi.org/10.1182/bloo...
July 4, 2025 at 2:04 AM
I thought my scRNA data is bad with all the plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing Granzyme B. Turns out, human pDCs are known producers of Granzyme B and deliver it to T cells, inhibiting T cell expansion. 🧪⑂
Jahrsdörfer et al 2010 in @bloodjournals.hematology.org
doi.org/10.1182/bloo...
Jahrsdörfer et al 2010 in @bloodjournals.hematology.org
doi.org/10.1182/bloo...
S1P is produced in the outer lymph follicle area and degraded by B cells resulting in a negative gradient towards to follicle center. S1PR2 signalling on GC B cells leads to migration arrest, keeping B cells within the follicle. (🐭 data)
Green et al 2011 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/ni....
Green et al 2011 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/ni....
July 1, 2025 at 9:14 PM
S1P is produced in the outer lymph follicle area and degraded by B cells resulting in a negative gradient towards to follicle center. S1PR2 signalling on GC B cells leads to migration arrest, keeping B cells within the follicle. (🐭 data)
Green et al 2011 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/ni....
Green et al 2011 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/ni....
Succinate induces Treg dysfunction by inhibiting succinyl-CoA generation. Succinyl-CoA is necessary for FOXP3 succinylation and protection of FOXP3 from proteasome degradation.
Wang et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Wang et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
June 28, 2025 at 5:21 PM
Succinate induces Treg dysfunction by inhibiting succinyl-CoA generation. Succinyl-CoA is necessary for FOXP3 succinylation and protection of FOXP3 from proteasome degradation.
Wang et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Wang et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
We would like to acknowledge the consistent support of the baristas at #FOCIS2025 in Boston. Keeping us fueled through all the great science over the last few days. @focisimmunology.bsky.social 🧬🧪☕️
June 27, 2025 at 9:51 PM
We would like to acknowledge the consistent support of the baristas at #FOCIS2025 in Boston. Keeping us fueled through all the great science over the last few days. @focisimmunology.bsky.social 🧬🧪☕️
Human naive CD4 T cells cultured in high sodium and Th17 polarising conditions will produce much more IL-17 than in normal sodium conditions, an effect mediated by p38/MAPK and SGK1.
Kleinewietfeld et al 2013 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Kleinewietfeld et al 2013 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
June 21, 2025 at 8:18 PM
Human naive CD4 T cells cultured in high sodium and Th17 polarising conditions will produce much more IL-17 than in normal sodium conditions, an effect mediated by p38/MAPK and SGK1.
Kleinewietfeld et al 2013 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Kleinewietfeld et al 2013 @natureportfolio.nature.com
www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Mice with low fecal IgA might be colonized be the auxotrophic Tomasiella immunophile which degrades kappa LC immunoglobulins in gut and induces disease-relevant reductions in intestinal IGs. 🧪⑂
Lu et al 2024 @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Lu et al 2024 @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
June 16, 2025 at 3:11 PM
Mice with low fecal IgA might be colonized be the auxotrophic Tomasiella immunophile which degrades kappa LC immunoglobulins in gut and induces disease-relevant reductions in intestinal IGs. 🧪⑂
Lu et al 2024 @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Lu et al 2024 @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
A 🐭 without Furin in T cells develops a spontaneous autoimmune disease with colitis and autoantibodies. This is likely because Furin in Tregs is necessary to activate TGFb, but also Furin-/- Tcons are less suppressable.
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Pesu et al 2008 www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Pesu et al 2008 www.nature.com/articles/nat...
June 13, 2025 at 10:19 PM
A 🐭 without Furin in T cells develops a spontaneous autoimmune disease with colitis and autoantibodies. This is likely because Furin in Tregs is necessary to activate TGFb, but also Furin-/- Tcons are less suppressable.
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Pesu et al 2008 www.nature.com/articles/nat...
#throwbayfriday 🧪⑂
Pesu et al 2008 www.nature.com/articles/nat...
After degranulation, mast cells attract neutrophils with LTB4 and trap them inside. These trapped neutrophils provide the mast cells with nutrients and lend them neutrophil abilities like expulsing NETs and proteases.
Mihlan et al 2024 @cellpress.bsky.social
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
Mihlan et al 2024 @cellpress.bsky.social
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
June 4, 2025 at 2:42 PM
After degranulation, mast cells attract neutrophils with LTB4 and trap them inside. These trapped neutrophils provide the mast cells with nutrients and lend them neutrophil abilities like expulsing NETs and proteases.
Mihlan et al 2024 @cellpress.bsky.social
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
Mihlan et al 2024 @cellpress.bsky.social
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
Analysing paired samples of human blood and thoracic duct lymph, Buggert &al show that human CCR7- non-resident memory CD8 T cells separate into a CX3CR1+ exclusively intravascular, cytotoxic and a non-cytotoxic, lymphatic population.
2020 in @cellpress.bsky.social 🧪⑂
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
2020 in @cellpress.bsky.social 🧪⑂
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
May 26, 2025 at 1:46 PM
Analysing paired samples of human blood and thoracic duct lymph, Buggert &al show that human CCR7- non-resident memory CD8 T cells separate into a CX3CR1+ exclusively intravascular, cytotoxic and a non-cytotoxic, lymphatic population.
2020 in @cellpress.bsky.social 🧪⑂
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
2020 in @cellpress.bsky.social 🧪⑂
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...
Exhausted CD8 T cells express the Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and are found near sympathetic nerves. Activation with catecholamines leads to reduced TCR signalling and T cell function, while beta-blockade helps 🐭
Globig et al 2023 @natureportfolio.nature.com 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Globig et al 2023 @natureportfolio.nature.com 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
May 5, 2025 at 2:32 AM
Exhausted CD8 T cells express the Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and are found near sympathetic nerves. Activation with catecholamines leads to reduced TCR signalling and T cell function, while beta-blockade helps 🐭
Globig et al 2023 @natureportfolio.nature.com 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Globig et al 2023 @natureportfolio.nature.com 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
We think of Tregs having no PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation or glycolytic switch after CD3/CD28 stimulation. However, TNFR2 costimulation actually induces glycolytic flux via mTORC1, contributing to their suppressive function and stability.
www.nature.com/articles/s42...
De Kivit et al 2020 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s42...
De Kivit et al 2020 🧪⑂
May 1, 2025 at 2:45 PM
We think of Tregs having no PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation or glycolytic switch after CD3/CD28 stimulation. However, TNFR2 costimulation actually induces glycolytic flux via mTORC1, contributing to their suppressive function and stability.
www.nature.com/articles/s42...
De Kivit et al 2020 🧪⑂
www.nature.com/articles/s42...
De Kivit et al 2020 🧪⑂
Fenestrated endothelium enables the extravasation of immune complexes into the synovium. There the interaction of macrophages (producing IL1b, CXCL1) and nociceptive neurons (producing CGRP) induce pain and inflammation.
Hasegawa &al 2024
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
#RheumSky 🧪⑂
Hasegawa &al 2024
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
#RheumSky 🧪⑂
April 29, 2025 at 3:28 PM
Fenestrated endothelium enables the extravasation of immune complexes into the synovium. There the interaction of macrophages (producing IL1b, CXCL1) and nociceptive neurons (producing CGRP) induce pain and inflammation.
Hasegawa &al 2024
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
#RheumSky 🧪⑂
Hasegawa &al 2024
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
#RheumSky 🧪⑂
Jobin et al discover a second priming phase of CD8/DC interaction in the subfollicular LN area. CXCR3+ high-affinity CD8s can get IL-2 from "stop-and-go" moving CD4+ TCs, inducing affinity selection while Tregs mop up IL-2. in 🐭
@science.org 🧪⑂ 1/2
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
@science.org 🧪⑂ 1/2
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
April 26, 2025 at 5:29 PM
Jobin et al discover a second priming phase of CD8/DC interaction in the subfollicular LN area. CXCR3+ high-affinity CD8s can get IL-2 from "stop-and-go" moving CD4+ TCs, inducing affinity selection while Tregs mop up IL-2. in 🐭
@science.org 🧪⑂ 1/2
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
@science.org 🧪⑂ 1/2
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...