It depends. MPAs may be very beneficial in some areas, or not, depending on the pressure level before and after, the MPA characteristics, the status of the fished populations, your measure of what is "beneficial", your practical concept of biodiversity...

Does this modernization include climate change-related data? Or is your President tuning what has to be modernized?

First, this is not true. Many artisanal fisheries have little bycatch. Second, being vegan is a luxury for the rich. Obtaining the necessary nutrients for many coastal communities depends critically on eating fish. Third, improving fishing practices has proven to reduce bycatch.

I mean...we know we (don't) know this for literally over a century.

If only countries would stop fishing in waters that aren’t theirs...

Again the fallacy of the 2048 collapse? Come on, that has already proved wrong

Digital oceans=OK. Digital twin=please stop using this term. Everybody's got nuts. That does NOT and will NEVER exist for a complex system such as the ocean.