We love to camp near PawPaw WV on the Potomac. We already reserved a spot there for summer 2025!

As long as it's not Moth Mullen. Grace is always showing me how to identify it by its impressive odor.

I wonder what's going on with PSII inhibitor resistance though... those mutations should be strongly selected against. Maybe because it's chloroplastic, so it's a bit more free to mutate, if only in a few of the chloroplasts?

Folks have found group 1 resistance mutations in black grass herbarium samples from the eighteen hundreds.... And it's not like they had to do ten thousand plants to find it

From my perspective, it is clear that at least for group 1 and group 2, there are just too many simple point mutations that cause resistance without drastic fitness penalties. These mutations are at a high rate in the unselected population because the alleles aren't purged by natural selection.

All day, everyday!