Fascism may betray women, but it still relies on their support.

As authoritarian regimes often rely on a women’s movement to keep society operational on a household level, framing regressive policies in more alluring terms. Today, that role is being taken up by the digital womanosphere.

National instability only amplifies the message that a woman’s rightful place is home with her children. “If there’s chaos,” Koonz says, “then the women who are keeping the home front stable have even more responsibility: ‘There’s chaos out there, but my family is going to have traditional values.’”

Hi Dr. Gunter - I’m looking into online harassment of science communicators for the Guardian, would you be willing to chat? I’m at adriennematei@gmail.com :)

Calculators are standard tools; why not bots? “I always say that the spirit of etiquette is about putting others at ease,” she says. “If the end result is something that is nice for the other person and that shows consideration or care, then they don’t need to see how the sausage is made.”

But not everyone draws the same line when it comes to how much AI involvement is tolerable or what constitutes deceit by omission.

Disclosing the role of AI could defeat the purpose of these writings, which is to build trust and express care. Nonetheless, one person anonymously told me that he used ChatGPT while writing his father of the bride speech; another wished OpenAI had been around when he had written his vows.

AI is becoming the invisible infrastructure of personal communications, too – punching up text messages, birthday cards and obituaries, even though we associate such compositions with “from the heart” authenticity.