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Interventions:
*Food fortification- adding micronutrients to food.
*Screening programs- at 12 months a child should be routinely scanned to test for anaemia so that it can be treated early on.
*Education- the importance of an iron-rich diet and the effects of anaemia in developing countries.
*Food fortification- adding micronutrients to food.
*Screening programs- at 12 months a child should be routinely scanned to test for anaemia so that it can be treated early on.
*Education- the importance of an iron-rich diet and the effects of anaemia in developing countries.
November 27, 2024 at 12:22 AM
Interventions:
*Food fortification- adding micronutrients to food.
*Screening programs- at 12 months a child should be routinely scanned to test for anaemia so that it can be treated early on.
*Education- the importance of an iron-rich diet and the effects of anaemia in developing countries.
*Food fortification- adding micronutrients to food.
*Screening programs- at 12 months a child should be routinely scanned to test for anaemia so that it can be treated early on.
*Education- the importance of an iron-rich diet and the effects of anaemia in developing countries.
How is anaemia treated?
UK: Iron tablets for 6 months.
USA: Iron tablets for 6 months.
Africa: Delayed cord clamping can prevent IDA in infancy. Iron tablets can not be given to children in areas with malaria unless given alongside measures to prevent malaria.
Asia: Iron-folic acid supplementation.
UK: Iron tablets for 6 months.
USA: Iron tablets for 6 months.
Africa: Delayed cord clamping can prevent IDA in infancy. Iron tablets can not be given to children in areas with malaria unless given alongside measures to prevent malaria.
Asia: Iron-folic acid supplementation.
November 27, 2024 at 12:16 AM
How is anaemia treated?
UK: Iron tablets for 6 months.
USA: Iron tablets for 6 months.
Africa: Delayed cord clamping can prevent IDA in infancy. Iron tablets can not be given to children in areas with malaria unless given alongside measures to prevent malaria.
Asia: Iron-folic acid supplementation.
UK: Iron tablets for 6 months.
USA: Iron tablets for 6 months.
Africa: Delayed cord clamping can prevent IDA in infancy. Iron tablets can not be given to children in areas with malaria unless given alongside measures to prevent malaria.
Asia: Iron-folic acid supplementation.
2021 % prevalence of anaemia worldwide:
Western sub-Saharan Africa= 47.4%
South Asia= 35.7%
Central sub-Saharan Africa= 35.7%
North America= 6.8%
Western Europe= 6%
Australasia= 5.7%
Higher percentages are due to a low iron diet, higher exposure to infectious diseases, and reduced medical care.
Western sub-Saharan Africa= 47.4%
South Asia= 35.7%
Central sub-Saharan Africa= 35.7%
North America= 6.8%
Western Europe= 6%
Australasia= 5.7%
Higher percentages are due to a low iron diet, higher exposure to infectious diseases, and reduced medical care.
November 27, 2024 at 12:16 AM
2021 % prevalence of anaemia worldwide:
Western sub-Saharan Africa= 47.4%
South Asia= 35.7%
Central sub-Saharan Africa= 35.7%
North America= 6.8%
Western Europe= 6%
Australasia= 5.7%
Higher percentages are due to a low iron diet, higher exposure to infectious diseases, and reduced medical care.
Western sub-Saharan Africa= 47.4%
South Asia= 35.7%
Central sub-Saharan Africa= 35.7%
North America= 6.8%
Western Europe= 6%
Australasia= 5.7%
Higher percentages are due to a low iron diet, higher exposure to infectious diseases, and reduced medical care.
Cultural causes
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
November 27, 2024 at 12:15 AM
Cultural causes
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
Cultural causes
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
November 27, 2024 at 12:14 AM
Cultural causes
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
*Vegan diets- may lack certain vitamins (iron/ B12).
*Maternal- dietary practices cause a lack of nutrients in breast milk. Drinking cow's milk in infancy makes it harder for the body to absorb iron.
*Traditional foods- differ between countries and contain different levels of iron.
Nutritional causes:
*Iron deficiency- lack of green leafy vegetables/red meat/nuts/ dried fruits.
*Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency: Lack of these means red blood cell maturation cannot occur so fewer red blood cells are made, leading to anaemia.
*Infections-Malaria destroys red blood cells.
*Iron deficiency- lack of green leafy vegetables/red meat/nuts/ dried fruits.
*Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency: Lack of these means red blood cell maturation cannot occur so fewer red blood cells are made, leading to anaemia.
*Infections-Malaria destroys red blood cells.
November 27, 2024 at 12:13 AM
Nutritional causes:
*Iron deficiency- lack of green leafy vegetables/red meat/nuts/ dried fruits.
*Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency: Lack of these means red blood cell maturation cannot occur so fewer red blood cells are made, leading to anaemia.
*Infections-Malaria destroys red blood cells.
*Iron deficiency- lack of green leafy vegetables/red meat/nuts/ dried fruits.
*Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency: Lack of these means red blood cell maturation cannot occur so fewer red blood cells are made, leading to anaemia.
*Infections-Malaria destroys red blood cells.
Complications in paediatrics-
Development delays= Chronic hypoxia slows metabolism, causing stunted growth and delayed milestones.
Cardiovascular complications= high cardiac output causes cardiomegaly and ischemia.
Susceptibility to infections= Reduced O2 to tissues lowers antibody response.
Development delays= Chronic hypoxia slows metabolism, causing stunted growth and delayed milestones.
Cardiovascular complications= high cardiac output causes cardiomegaly and ischemia.
Susceptibility to infections= Reduced O2 to tissues lowers antibody response.
November 27, 2024 at 12:13 AM
Complications in paediatrics-
Development delays= Chronic hypoxia slows metabolism, causing stunted growth and delayed milestones.
Cardiovascular complications= high cardiac output causes cardiomegaly and ischemia.
Susceptibility to infections= Reduced O2 to tissues lowers antibody response.
Development delays= Chronic hypoxia slows metabolism, causing stunted growth and delayed milestones.
Cardiovascular complications= high cardiac output causes cardiomegaly and ischemia.
Susceptibility to infections= Reduced O2 to tissues lowers antibody response.
Tests for anaemia-
UK: Full Blood Count. (FBC)
USA: Complete blood count.
Asia Pacific regions: FBC, not a priority due to acceptance that anaemia is normal and lack of knowledge of the consequences.
Africa: Based on signs and symptoms supplemented with point-of-care assays to measure haemoglobin.
UK: Full Blood Count. (FBC)
USA: Complete blood count.
Asia Pacific regions: FBC, not a priority due to acceptance that anaemia is normal and lack of knowledge of the consequences.
Africa: Based on signs and symptoms supplemented with point-of-care assays to measure haemoglobin.
November 27, 2024 at 12:12 AM
Tests for anaemia-
UK: Full Blood Count. (FBC)
USA: Complete blood count.
Asia Pacific regions: FBC, not a priority due to acceptance that anaemia is normal and lack of knowledge of the consequences.
Africa: Based on signs and symptoms supplemented with point-of-care assays to measure haemoglobin.
UK: Full Blood Count. (FBC)
USA: Complete blood count.
Asia Pacific regions: FBC, not a priority due to acceptance that anaemia is normal and lack of knowledge of the consequences.
Africa: Based on signs and symptoms supplemented with point-of-care assays to measure haemoglobin.
Symptoms:
*Pallor- pale appearance
*Exertional Dyspnea- the sensation of running out of air
*Lethargic- drowsy, tired, irritable
*Reduced tolerance for physical activity
*Pica- compulsive eating of inedible objects
More severe cases in pregnant women and children can lead to mortality.
*Pallor- pale appearance
*Exertional Dyspnea- the sensation of running out of air
*Lethargic- drowsy, tired, irritable
*Reduced tolerance for physical activity
*Pica- compulsive eating of inedible objects
More severe cases in pregnant women and children can lead to mortality.
November 27, 2024 at 12:12 AM
Symptoms:
*Pallor- pale appearance
*Exertional Dyspnea- the sensation of running out of air
*Lethargic- drowsy, tired, irritable
*Reduced tolerance for physical activity
*Pica- compulsive eating of inedible objects
More severe cases in pregnant women and children can lead to mortality.
*Pallor- pale appearance
*Exertional Dyspnea- the sensation of running out of air
*Lethargic- drowsy, tired, irritable
*Reduced tolerance for physical activity
*Pica- compulsive eating of inedible objects
More severe cases in pregnant women and children can lead to mortality.
Anaemia is lower than usual red blood cell count or haemoglobin concentration. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected.
Nutritional deficiency anaemia occurs when the body does not get enough iron through diet.
Nutritional deficiency anaemia occurs when the body does not get enough iron through diet.
November 27, 2024 at 12:11 AM
Anaemia is lower than usual red blood cell count or haemoglobin concentration. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected.
Nutritional deficiency anaemia occurs when the body does not get enough iron through diet.
Nutritional deficiency anaemia occurs when the body does not get enough iron through diet.