Ethnic and Racial Studies
@ersjournal.com
The leading peer-reviewed journal for the analysis of race, #racism, ethnicity and #migration worldwide.
https://www.tandfonline.com/ERS
https://www.tandfonline.com/ERS
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣🔓
Drawing on a case study from Germany, Sarah Gerwens @lse-ei.bsky.social shows how anti-racism can become operationalised as (and consequently reduced to) “correct” learning and speaking, which motivates more equitable language use, but ultimately protects white innocence.
Drawing on a case study from Germany, Sarah Gerwens @lse-ei.bsky.social shows how anti-racism can become operationalised as (and consequently reduced to) “correct” learning and speaking, which motivates more equitable language use, but ultimately protects white innocence.
November 27, 2025 at 12:37 PM
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣🔓
Drawing on a case study from Germany, Sarah Gerwens @lse-ei.bsky.social shows how anti-racism can become operationalised as (and consequently reduced to) “correct” learning and speaking, which motivates more equitable language use, but ultimately protects white innocence.
Drawing on a case study from Germany, Sarah Gerwens @lse-ei.bsky.social shows how anti-racism can become operationalised as (and consequently reduced to) “correct” learning and speaking, which motivates more equitable language use, but ultimately protects white innocence.
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣 🔓
School shootings aren't racially neutral. New research shows Black and non-Black shooters face different drivers, and Black victims face unique risks. A racial lens offers new insights into rampage violence—and why prevention must take race seriously.
School shootings aren't racially neutral. New research shows Black and non-Black shooters face different drivers, and Black victims face unique risks. A racial lens offers new insights into rampage violence—and why prevention must take race seriously.
November 26, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣 🔓
School shootings aren't racially neutral. New research shows Black and non-Black shooters face different drivers, and Black victims face unique risks. A racial lens offers new insights into rampage violence—and why prevention must take race seriously.
School shootings aren't racially neutral. New research shows Black and non-Black shooters face different drivers, and Black victims face unique risks. A racial lens offers new insights into rampage violence—and why prevention must take race seriously.
#ERSSymposium 📕
In this contribution, John B. Diamond & Chinyere Odim argue that Brown’s work enters the discourse at a critical moment for how sociologists make sense of the past, present, and future.
Check it out here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In this contribution, John B. Diamond & Chinyere Odim argue that Brown’s work enters the discourse at a critical moment for how sociologists make sense of the past, present, and future.
Check it out here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 25, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSSymposium 📕
In this contribution, John B. Diamond & Chinyere Odim argue that Brown’s work enters the discourse at a critical moment for how sociologists make sense of the past, present, and future.
Check it out here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In this contribution, John B. Diamond & Chinyere Odim argue that Brown’s work enters the discourse at a critical moment for how sociologists make sense of the past, present, and future.
Check it out here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSBookReview 📘
'The book presents a reflective examination of settler activity and the indigenous resistance against it within the pervasive spaces of outdoor recreation, adventure sports, parks, and public-land tourism'. @ohiostatepress.bsky.social
'The book presents a reflective examination of settler activity and the indigenous resistance against it within the pervasive spaces of outdoor recreation, adventure sports, parks, and public-land tourism'. @ohiostatepress.bsky.social
November 21, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSBookReview 📘
'The book presents a reflective examination of settler activity and the indigenous resistance against it within the pervasive spaces of outdoor recreation, adventure sports, parks, and public-land tourism'. @ohiostatepress.bsky.social
'The book presents a reflective examination of settler activity and the indigenous resistance against it within the pervasive spaces of outdoor recreation, adventure sports, parks, and public-land tourism'. @ohiostatepress.bsky.social
📕
"Rather than assuming that humanitarianism aims to alleviate human suffering through the pursuit of universal human rights, this book analyzes the paradox that humanity exists by virtue of a genocidal logic that excludes and may even eradicate anyone who endangers its survival".
"Rather than assuming that humanitarianism aims to alleviate human suffering through the pursuit of universal human rights, this book analyzes the paradox that humanity exists by virtue of a genocidal logic that excludes and may even eradicate anyone who endangers its survival".
November 20, 2025 at 3:45 PM
📕
"Rather than assuming that humanitarianism aims to alleviate human suffering through the pursuit of universal human rights, this book analyzes the paradox that humanity exists by virtue of a genocidal logic that excludes and may even eradicate anyone who endangers its survival".
"Rather than assuming that humanitarianism aims to alleviate human suffering through the pursuit of universal human rights, this book analyzes the paradox that humanity exists by virtue of a genocidal logic that excludes and may even eradicate anyone who endangers its survival".
📘
"This book offers an insightful look at recent developments in Hong Kong outmigration and the evolving identity of Hong Kongers in a global context" @routledgebooks.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview by Kim Kwok here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"This book offers an insightful look at recent developments in Hong Kong outmigration and the evolving identity of Hong Kongers in a global context" @routledgebooks.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview by Kim Kwok here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 19, 2025 at 11:06 AM
📘
"This book offers an insightful look at recent developments in Hong Kong outmigration and the evolving identity of Hong Kongers in a global context" @routledgebooks.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview by Kim Kwok here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"This book offers an insightful look at recent developments in Hong Kong outmigration and the evolving identity of Hong Kongers in a global context" @routledgebooks.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview by Kim Kwok here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
📕
Lomax offers a profoundly affective and theoretically grounded reimagining of mothering as a site of both resistance and liberation.
Shauntey James reviews Freeing Black Girls @dukepress.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Lomax offers a profoundly affective and theoretically grounded reimagining of mothering as a site of both resistance and liberation.
Shauntey James reviews Freeing Black Girls @dukepress.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 17, 2025 at 3:45 PM
📕
Lomax offers a profoundly affective and theoretically grounded reimagining of mothering as a site of both resistance and liberation.
Shauntey James reviews Freeing Black Girls @dukepress.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Lomax offers a profoundly affective and theoretically grounded reimagining of mothering as a site of both resistance and liberation.
Shauntey James reviews Freeing Black Girls @dukepress.bsky.social
Read this #ERSBookReview here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSBookSymposium 📕
What is antiracism, how should it be done, and what are its aims?
Brett St Louis @ethnicityuk.bsky.social engages with John Solomos's #Antiracism, exploring the plurality of antiracisms and how to build alliances. @politybooks.bsky.social
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
What is antiracism, how should it be done, and what are its aims?
Brett St Louis @ethnicityuk.bsky.social engages with John Solomos's #Antiracism, exploring the plurality of antiracisms and how to build alliances. @politybooks.bsky.social
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 14, 2025 at 9:09 AM
#ERSBookSymposium 📕
What is antiracism, how should it be done, and what are its aims?
Brett St Louis @ethnicityuk.bsky.social engages with John Solomos's #Antiracism, exploring the plurality of antiracisms and how to build alliances. @politybooks.bsky.social
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
What is antiracism, how should it be done, and what are its aims?
Brett St Louis @ethnicityuk.bsky.social engages with John Solomos's #Antiracism, exploring the plurality of antiracisms and how to build alliances. @politybooks.bsky.social
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSBookReview 📕
Baquaqua’s story allows the authors to provide an incredibly rich and intricate account of religiosity among enslaved and freed people around the Atlantic. @uncpress.bsky.social
Read the review by @drhardesty.bsky.social here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Baquaqua’s story allows the authors to provide an incredibly rich and intricate account of religiosity among enslaved and freed people around the Atlantic. @uncpress.bsky.social
Read the review by @drhardesty.bsky.social here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 13, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSBookReview 📕
Baquaqua’s story allows the authors to provide an incredibly rich and intricate account of religiosity among enslaved and freed people around the Atlantic. @uncpress.bsky.social
Read the review by @drhardesty.bsky.social here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Baquaqua’s story allows the authors to provide an incredibly rich and intricate account of religiosity among enslaved and freed people around the Atlantic. @uncpress.bsky.social
Read the review by @drhardesty.bsky.social here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
V. 48, i. 15 is now live!
The #SpecialIssue The 2024 Presidential Election & The Politics of Race tackles the crisis of the moment with cutting-edge analysis and is a crucial read for anyone looking to understand the role of race in American politics.
The #SpecialIssue The 2024 Presidential Election & The Politics of Race tackles the crisis of the moment with cutting-edge analysis and is a crucial read for anyone looking to understand the role of race in American politics.
November 12, 2025 at 1:58 PM
V. 48, i. 15 is now live!
The #SpecialIssue The 2024 Presidential Election & The Politics of Race tackles the crisis of the moment with cutting-edge analysis and is a crucial read for anyone looking to understand the role of race in American politics.
The #SpecialIssue The 2024 Presidential Election & The Politics of Race tackles the crisis of the moment with cutting-edge analysis and is a crucial read for anyone looking to understand the role of race in American politics.
📘 #ERSSymposium
"Brown's work is bridging historical and contemporary struggles, emphasizing that education remains a vital force for social justice".
Read commentary by Stefan Lund here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"Brown's work is bridging historical and contemporary struggles, emphasizing that education remains a vital force for social justice".
Read commentary by Stefan Lund here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 11, 2025 at 5:45 PM
📘 #ERSSymposium
"Brown's work is bridging historical and contemporary struggles, emphasizing that education remains a vital force for social justice".
Read commentary by Stefan Lund here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"Brown's work is bridging historical and contemporary struggles, emphasizing that education remains a vital force for social justice".
Read commentary by Stefan Lund here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSNew 🐣
Mehmetali Kasim argues that China’s #Xinjiang policies use birth suppression, child separation & cultural assimilation to dismantle #Uyghur continuity, echoing genocidal patterns.
Check out this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Mehmetali Kasim argues that China’s #Xinjiang policies use birth suppression, child separation & cultural assimilation to dismantle #Uyghur continuity, echoing genocidal patterns.
Check out this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 10, 2025 at 1:40 PM
#ERSNew 🐣
Mehmetali Kasim argues that China’s #Xinjiang policies use birth suppression, child separation & cultural assimilation to dismantle #Uyghur continuity, echoing genocidal patterns.
Check out this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Mehmetali Kasim argues that China’s #Xinjiang policies use birth suppression, child separation & cultural assimilation to dismantle #Uyghur continuity, echoing genocidal patterns.
Check out this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣 🔓
A walk in the park?
@rigbydavid.bsky.social @umisr.bsky.social and colleagues illustrate the diverse and persistent ways that historical regimes of racial control shape even mundane behaviors in contemporary society.
Read this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
A walk in the park?
@rigbydavid.bsky.social @umisr.bsky.social and colleagues illustrate the diverse and persistent ways that historical regimes of racial control shape even mundane behaviors in contemporary society.
Read this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 7, 2025 at 9:09 AM
#ERSNew #OpenAccess 🐣 🔓
A walk in the park?
@rigbydavid.bsky.social @umisr.bsky.social and colleagues illustrate the diverse and persistent ways that historical regimes of racial control shape even mundane behaviors in contemporary society.
Read this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
A walk in the park?
@rigbydavid.bsky.social @umisr.bsky.social and colleagues illustrate the diverse and persistent ways that historical regimes of racial control shape even mundane behaviors in contemporary society.
Read this study here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
🐣 🔓
The conversation on mothers in prison is incomplete without addressing race.
Monica Thomas introduces the Black feminist concept of "motherwork" to British penology, shedding light on the unique experiences and resilience of Black mothers navigating the criminal justice system in England.
The conversation on mothers in prison is incomplete without addressing race.
Monica Thomas introduces the Black feminist concept of "motherwork" to British penology, shedding light on the unique experiences and resilience of Black mothers navigating the criminal justice system in England.
November 6, 2025 at 3:45 PM
🐣 🔓
The conversation on mothers in prison is incomplete without addressing race.
Monica Thomas introduces the Black feminist concept of "motherwork" to British penology, shedding light on the unique experiences and resilience of Black mothers navigating the criminal justice system in England.
The conversation on mothers in prison is incomplete without addressing race.
Monica Thomas introduces the Black feminist concept of "motherwork" to British penology, shedding light on the unique experiences and resilience of Black mothers navigating the criminal justice system in England.
🐣 🔓
The study advances understanding of how migrant-led organisations engage in everyday resistance through market mechanisms, contributing to debates on migrant enterprise, institutional navigation, and social change in hostile migration regimes. @cremeataston.bsky.social @city-redi.bsky.social
The study advances understanding of how migrant-led organisations engage in everyday resistance through market mechanisms, contributing to debates on migrant enterprise, institutional navigation, and social change in hostile migration regimes. @cremeataston.bsky.social @city-redi.bsky.social
November 5, 2025 at 12:45 PM
🐣 🔓
The study advances understanding of how migrant-led organisations engage in everyday resistance through market mechanisms, contributing to debates on migrant enterprise, institutional navigation, and social change in hostile migration regimes. @cremeataston.bsky.social @city-redi.bsky.social
The study advances understanding of how migrant-led organisations engage in everyday resistance through market mechanisms, contributing to debates on migrant enterprise, institutional navigation, and social change in hostile migration regimes. @cremeataston.bsky.social @city-redi.bsky.social
#ERSBookReview 📘
"Racial inequality, segregation, conflict, and distrust seem ascendant. Yet Christian empirically focuses on, without retreat to rose-colored views, how social life is not pre-ordained".
Matthew W. Hughey reviews The global journey of racism @stanfordpress.bsky.social
"Racial inequality, segregation, conflict, and distrust seem ascendant. Yet Christian empirically focuses on, without retreat to rose-colored views, how social life is not pre-ordained".
Matthew W. Hughey reviews The global journey of racism @stanfordpress.bsky.social
November 4, 2025 at 9:09 AM
#ERSBookReview 📘
"Racial inequality, segregation, conflict, and distrust seem ascendant. Yet Christian empirically focuses on, without retreat to rose-colored views, how social life is not pre-ordained".
Matthew W. Hughey reviews The global journey of racism @stanfordpress.bsky.social
"Racial inequality, segregation, conflict, and distrust seem ascendant. Yet Christian empirically focuses on, without retreat to rose-colored views, how social life is not pre-ordained".
Matthew W. Hughey reviews The global journey of racism @stanfordpress.bsky.social
#ERSNew 🐣
Francesca Messineo examines transnational civic activism of Tunisian migrant organizations (MOs) in Italy, showing that depoliticization often functions as a strategy aimed at gaining legitimacy and navigating complex governance environments.
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Francesca Messineo examines transnational civic activism of Tunisian migrant organizations (MOs) in Italy, showing that depoliticization often functions as a strategy aimed at gaining legitimacy and navigating complex governance environments.
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
November 3, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSNew 🐣
Francesca Messineo examines transnational civic activism of Tunisian migrant organizations (MOs) in Italy, showing that depoliticization often functions as a strategy aimed at gaining legitimacy and navigating complex governance environments.
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Francesca Messineo examines transnational civic activism of Tunisian migrant organizations (MOs) in Italy, showing that depoliticization often functions as a strategy aimed at gaining legitimacy and navigating complex governance environments.
Read more: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSBookReview 📘
"This book offers a fascinating account of the interconnectedness between empire, migration, religion and race".
Fiona McCallum Guineon reviews Martyrs and Migrants @nyupress.bsky.social by @clukasik.bsky.social
Read the full review: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"This book offers a fascinating account of the interconnectedness between empire, migration, religion and race".
Fiona McCallum Guineon reviews Martyrs and Migrants @nyupress.bsky.social by @clukasik.bsky.social
Read the full review: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
October 30, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSBookReview 📘
"This book offers a fascinating account of the interconnectedness between empire, migration, religion and race".
Fiona McCallum Guineon reviews Martyrs and Migrants @nyupress.bsky.social by @clukasik.bsky.social
Read the full review: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
"This book offers a fascinating account of the interconnectedness between empire, migration, religion and race".
Fiona McCallum Guineon reviews Martyrs and Migrants @nyupress.bsky.social by @clukasik.bsky.social
Read the full review: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
📘
Taura Taylor considers Karida L Brown's contribution an act of public scholarship and a roadmap to navigate contemporary racialized educational retrenchment.
Part of the #ERSBookSymposium: Battle for the Black Mind
Taura Taylor considers Karida L Brown's contribution an act of public scholarship and a roadmap to navigate contemporary racialized educational retrenchment.
Part of the #ERSBookSymposium: Battle for the Black Mind
October 29, 2025 at 9:09 AM
📘
Taura Taylor considers Karida L Brown's contribution an act of public scholarship and a roadmap to navigate contemporary racialized educational retrenchment.
Part of the #ERSBookSymposium: Battle for the Black Mind
Taura Taylor considers Karida L Brown's contribution an act of public scholarship and a roadmap to navigate contemporary racialized educational retrenchment.
Part of the #ERSBookSymposium: Battle for the Black Mind
#ERSNew 🐣
How does #racism work? In their intro to the forthcoming Special Issue, "Mechanisms and Mechanics of Racial Hierarchy," Eduardo Bonilla-Silva & Amanda E. Lewis examine the 'how' of racism's mechanics.
Check out this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
How does #racism work? In their intro to the forthcoming Special Issue, "Mechanisms and Mechanics of Racial Hierarchy," Eduardo Bonilla-Silva & Amanda E. Lewis examine the 'how' of racism's mechanics.
Check out this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
October 28, 2025 at 3:45 PM
#ERSNew 🐣
How does #racism work? In their intro to the forthcoming Special Issue, "Mechanisms and Mechanics of Racial Hierarchy," Eduardo Bonilla-Silva & Amanda E. Lewis examine the 'how' of racism's mechanics.
Check out this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
How does #racism work? In their intro to the forthcoming Special Issue, "Mechanisms and Mechanics of Racial Hierarchy," Eduardo Bonilla-Silva & Amanda E. Lewis examine the 'how' of racism's mechanics.
Check out this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
🐣
Drawing on data from France, @pavlosvas1.bsky.social (York), @haleymcavay.bsky.social @lsesociology.bsky.social & J. Robinson @nuffieldcollege.bsky.social suggest the solidification of an emerging cleavage based on race/ethnicity that is unlikely to be resolved by immigrant integration over time.
Drawing on data from France, @pavlosvas1.bsky.social (York), @haleymcavay.bsky.social @lsesociology.bsky.social & J. Robinson @nuffieldcollege.bsky.social suggest the solidification of an emerging cleavage based on race/ethnicity that is unlikely to be resolved by immigrant integration over time.
October 27, 2025 at 12:25 PM
🐣
Drawing on data from France, @pavlosvas1.bsky.social (York), @haleymcavay.bsky.social @lsesociology.bsky.social & J. Robinson @nuffieldcollege.bsky.social suggest the solidification of an emerging cleavage based on race/ethnicity that is unlikely to be resolved by immigrant integration over time.
Drawing on data from France, @pavlosvas1.bsky.social (York), @haleymcavay.bsky.social @lsesociology.bsky.social & J. Robinson @nuffieldcollege.bsky.social suggest the solidification of an emerging cleavage based on race/ethnicity that is unlikely to be resolved by immigrant integration over time.
🐣
In this #ERSNew paper, @pamelazabalaortiz.bsky.social examines the experiences of Afro-Latines as they navigate the hierarchies that emerge within the spaces of both Blackness and Latinidad in the U.S.
Check it here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In this #ERSNew paper, @pamelazabalaortiz.bsky.social examines the experiences of Afro-Latines as they navigate the hierarchies that emerge within the spaces of both Blackness and Latinidad in the U.S.
Check it here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
October 23, 2025 at 2:09 PM
🐣
In this #ERSNew paper, @pamelazabalaortiz.bsky.social examines the experiences of Afro-Latines as they navigate the hierarchies that emerge within the spaces of both Blackness and Latinidad in the U.S.
Check it here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In this #ERSNew paper, @pamelazabalaortiz.bsky.social examines the experiences of Afro-Latines as they navigate the hierarchies that emerge within the spaces of both Blackness and Latinidad in the U.S.
Check it here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
🐣
Who counts as a #migrant in post-socialist Europe? 🇪🇺
In #ERSNew piece, Inna Leykin and @gorodzeisky.bsky.social explore how residents of the Baltic States imagine migration, identity & belonging amid shifting geopolitics.
Check this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Who counts as a #migrant in post-socialist Europe? 🇪🇺
In #ERSNew piece, Inna Leykin and @gorodzeisky.bsky.social explore how residents of the Baltic States imagine migration, identity & belonging amid shifting geopolitics.
Check this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
October 22, 2025 at 1:23 PM
🐣
Who counts as a #migrant in post-socialist Europe? 🇪🇺
In #ERSNew piece, Inna Leykin and @gorodzeisky.bsky.social explore how residents of the Baltic States imagine migration, identity & belonging amid shifting geopolitics.
Check this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
Who counts as a #migrant in post-socialist Europe? 🇪🇺
In #ERSNew piece, Inna Leykin and @gorodzeisky.bsky.social explore how residents of the Baltic States imagine migration, identity & belonging amid shifting geopolitics.
Check this paper here: doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#OpenAccess 🐣🔓
In #ERSNew paper, Catherine Donaldson explores how the UK #asylum system creates a sanctioned #discrimination that racializes and marginalizes asylum seekers through legal, economic and moral exclusion.
Read here:
doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In #ERSNew paper, Catherine Donaldson explores how the UK #asylum system creates a sanctioned #discrimination that racializes and marginalizes asylum seekers through legal, economic and moral exclusion.
Read here:
doi.org/10.1080/0141...
October 21, 2025 at 12:08 PM
#OpenAccess 🐣🔓
In #ERSNew paper, Catherine Donaldson explores how the UK #asylum system creates a sanctioned #discrimination that racializes and marginalizes asylum seekers through legal, economic and moral exclusion.
Read here:
doi.org/10.1080/0141...
In #ERSNew paper, Catherine Donaldson explores how the UK #asylum system creates a sanctioned #discrimination that racializes and marginalizes asylum seekers through legal, economic and moral exclusion.
Read here:
doi.org/10.1080/0141...
#ERSNew 🐣🔓 Brazil’s antiracist evolution: How Black activism overcame ‘racial democracy’ myths to win affirmative action & institutional reforms. Progress amid backlash. #SocialJustice #Brazil Article: doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2025.2531299
September 28, 2025 at 4:31 PM
#ERSNew 🐣🔓 Brazil’s antiracist evolution: How Black activism overcame ‘racial democracy’ myths to win affirmative action & institutional reforms. Progress amid backlash. #SocialJustice #Brazil Article: doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2025.2531299