We also find that being a woman without young children and already caring inside the household creates a social profile with a notably higher probability of providing informal care outside the household 4/4

Our results reveal that gender, employment and family roles all affect the provision of informal care. Their effect, however, is additive, rather than combined 3/4

Using data from the UKHLS (@usociety.bsky.social) we apply multicategorical MAIHDA to explore how various competing demands - such as employment and family roles - combine to shape caregiving to the older population 2/4