Tests of predictive validity demonstrate while both PMH and MH have a range of political correlates, from political participation to external political efficacy, it is PMH that has stronger and broader negative political associations.(4/9)

To investigate this, we test and compare the construct and predictive validity of domain-specific PMH and MH in a study conducted in the Dutch population. Through our tests of construct validity, we find PMH is an independent construct to MH. (3/9)

The cross-country tests were underpowered to detect small effects. Although, these results do suggest that the loneliness-PRR association is small and mostly positive. (6/9)

In the Netherlands, lonelier individuals were more likely to support the PRR across 15 tests spanning 15 years of data, with 11 tests reaching statistical significance - odds ratios ranging from 1.1 – 1.38. (5/9)