Debby van Riel
@debbyvanriel.bsky.social
Associate Professor ○ Viroscience ○ Erasmus MC ○ The Netherlands
Virology • Influenza • Enterovirus • SARS-CoV-2 • Pathogenesis • neuropathogenesis • Pathology • WomeninSTEM
Virology • Influenza • Enterovirus • SARS-CoV-2 • Pathogenesis • neuropathogenesis • Pathology • WomeninSTEM
In the white matter of the cerebral cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus there was a decrease in the GFAP+ surface area (decrease of astrocyte actication). In the hippocampus this was associated with an increase of IBA1+ surface area.
April 8, 2025 at 9:17 AM
In the white matter of the cerebral cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus there was a decrease in the GFAP+ surface area (decrease of astrocyte actication). In the hippocampus this was associated with an increase of IBA1+ surface area.
In the olfactory bulb there was no evidence for an increase of microglia compared to mock inoculated ferrets, although the surface area of IBA1+ cells was increased (suggestive for microglial activation). There was no increase of astrocytes.
April 8, 2025 at 9:16 AM
In the olfactory bulb there was no evidence for an increase of microglia compared to mock inoculated ferrets, although the surface area of IBA1+ cells was increased (suggestive for microglial activation). There was no increase of astrocytes.
In the brain we did not detect histological changes associated with inflammation, gliosis or necrosis. However, we did detect an increase of Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the pons and cerebellum at 7 and 21 dpi compared to mock inoculated ferrets.
April 8, 2025 at 9:16 AM
In the brain we did not detect histological changes associated with inflammation, gliosis or necrosis. However, we did detect an increase of Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the pons and cerebellum at 7 and 21 dpi compared to mock inoculated ferrets.
From intranasally inoculated ferrets, noses and brains were collected 7 and 21 days post inoculation (dpi). Virus antigen was detected sporadically in the nose at 7 dpi in respiratory and olfactory mucosa. In the brain we only detected viral RNA at 7 dpi, with high ct values.
April 8, 2025 at 9:15 AM
From intranasally inoculated ferrets, noses and brains were collected 7 and 21 days post inoculation (dpi). Virus antigen was detected sporadically in the nose at 7 dpi in respiratory and olfactory mucosa. In the brain we only detected viral RNA at 7 dpi, with high ct values.
7/ Finally clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus infection triggered in a type-I and -III IFN response. Of the measured pro-inflammatory cytokines only IP-10 could be detected, and f.e. not IL-6 and TNF, which was detected in the H3N2 virus infected cultures.
December 2, 2024 at 4:03 PM
7/ Finally clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus infection triggered in a type-I and -III IFN response. Of the measured pro-inflammatory cytokines only IP-10 could be detected, and f.e. not IL-6 and TNF, which was detected in the H3N2 virus infected cultures.
6/ The polymerase activity of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus was not higher than that of H5N1-2005 virus. The more efficient replication of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus in human epithelial cells was thus not associated with an increased polymerase activity.
December 2, 2024 at 4:03 PM
6/ The polymerase activity of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus was not higher than that of H5N1-2005 virus. The more efficient replication of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus in human epithelial cells was thus not associated with an increased polymerase activity.
5/ Infection was predominantly seen in ciliated epithelial cells. Abundant infection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus in tr/br cultures resulted in loss of cilia, however, tight junctions stayed intact (based on ZO-1 expression). ZO-1 expression decreased in H3N2 infected cultures.
December 2, 2024 at 4:03 PM
5/ Infection was predominantly seen in ciliated epithelial cells. Abundant infection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus in tr/br cultures resulted in loss of cilia, however, tight junctions stayed intact (based on ZO-1 expression). ZO-1 expression decreased in H3N2 infected cultures.
4/ Without attachment no infection, but attachment alone is not sufficient. In vitro, 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus replicated to higher titers in both nasal and trachea/bronchial epithelial cells than H5N1-2005. In the tracheal/bronchial epithelial cells even to similar titers as a H3N2 virus.
December 2, 2024 at 4:02 PM
4/ Without attachment no infection, but attachment alone is not sufficient. In vitro, 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus replicated to higher titers in both nasal and trachea/bronchial epithelial cells than H5N1-2005. In the tracheal/bronchial epithelial cells even to similar titers as a H3N2 virus.
4/ In the lower respiratory tract clade 2.3.3.4b H5 virus attached more abundantly to the ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea, bronchus and bronchioles than 2.3.2.1 H5 virus, but not as abundant as a seasonal H3N2 virus
December 2, 2024 at 4:02 PM
4/ In the lower respiratory tract clade 2.3.3.4b H5 virus attached more abundantly to the ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea, bronchus and bronchioles than 2.3.2.1 H5 virus, but not as abundant as a seasonal H3N2 virus
3/First we showed that clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus attached more abundantly to both the human upper and lower respiratory tract than a well-studied clade 2.3.2.1 H5 virus from 2005. However, attachment was not as abundant as an human H3N2 virus in the nasal turbinates.
December 2, 2024 at 4:01 PM
3/First we showed that clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus attached more abundantly to both the human upper and lower respiratory tract than a well-studied clade 2.3.2.1 H5 virus from 2005. However, attachment was not as abundant as an human H3N2 virus in the nasal turbinates.