As always this project wouldn’t have been possible without the support and input of many different people. Thanks a lot to all co-authors! (12/12)
@50823zimmer.bsky.social @niklasjoisten.bsky.social

All our generated datasets and the proteomics raw data files are publicly available with this preprint. To facilitate data mining with respect to this and upcoming projects, we are currently finalising an interactive website, which will be published alongside the article once it is accepted. (11/12)

Our data also supports the WHO physical activity guidelines, which highlight exercise intensity as a relevant factor to maintain health: doi.org/10.1136/bjsp.... (10/12)

This is in line with epidemiological studies showing reduced disease risk and improved disease course in people performing high levels of physical activity (e.g., doi.org/10.1136/bjsp... and doi.org/10.1007/s402...). (9/12)

Overall, our results suggest that repetitive exposure to acute exercise bouts, especially HIIE, reshapes the proteome of PBMCs. As indicated by our VO2peak prediction, accumulation of these acute effects might culminate in immunological exercise adaption over time. (8/12)

We also leveraged our dataset to predict cardiorespiratory fitness and identified an immunoproteomic signature that was associated with VO2peak. Interestingly, several proteins associated with energy metabolism and immune function had a strong impact on VO2peak prediction. (7/12)

Some of these cell functions were shared across all clusters, which suggests that these "core immune effector functions" are regulated irrespective of the underlying protein kinetic. In contrast, others were unique to a specific protein cluster. (6/12)

We then carried on by unraveling the proteomic alterations induced by HIIE. Making use of soft clustering and gene ontology analyses we found 4 distinct protein clusters that contained numerous proteins associated with immune effector functions. (5/12)

These changes occurred despite identical immune cell mobilisation patterns between HIIE and MICE, suggesting that HIIE reshapes the proteome of PBMCs in a more pronounced fashion and that this process is independent of immune cell mobilisation. (4/12)

This is crucial considering that exercise-induced changes in PBMC composition might impact proteomic results. Interestingly, we observed >1,300 changes in the proteome of PBMCs after HIIE and only 64 changes in response to MICE. (3/12)