Even 17.5× is inflated—it reflects average sapling density driven by a minority of plots. Most aspen plots (green = median) stayed flat—half had no saplings, and only a small fraction (purple, pink) increased.
doi.org/10.32942/X2W...

House Bill 176 would allow the killing of entire Yellowstone wolf packs that roam outside Yellowstone National Park's boundaries in Montana. Northern Yellowstone wolf packs are particularly at risk, as demonstrated by events earlier this winter. wyofile.com/fifth-wolf-k...

Please add me to the science feed. I'm a professor of ecology at Utah State University, @danmacnulty.bsky.social, orcid.org/0000-0002-91..., scholar.google.com/citations?us.... Thank you!

One pack in our study grew to over 20 wolves, including 11 pups—an impressive size for such an extreme environment. In this photo, it numbered at least 27, underscoring the remarkable productivity of this polar desert ecosystem.