Thanks for the question! It seems similar to original antigenic sin, but for T cell responses. Existing responses to previous antigens seem to hinder the development of T cell responses to newly encountered antigens, such as those in new parasite variants. Long lived T cells may exacerbate this.

Thank you! yes, we're primarily focusing on CD8 T cells for now, but we are also interested in exploring CD4 T cells in the future!

A reminder that this is still a preprint. Thank you to all authors and institutions involved #Doherty #unimelb #LaTrobeUni #MonashUni #CentenaryInst #Nagasaki_U #UNSW #UNSWRNA

On the other hand, multiple vaccine doses created long-lived Trm cells, potentially boosting long-term protection. However, this durability might hinder T cell responses to new parasite strains. #MalariaResearch #VaccineScience #Immunology

Although these sporozoite specific T cells are essential for protection, they target highly variable antigens. T cells against protective late-stage antigens are limited, potentially reducing strain-specific protection. Balancing immunity is key! #MalariaVaccine

We then investigated which parasite proteins (antigens) our vaccine-generated T cells recognise. Interestingly, more vaccine doses led to less diverse memory T cells. Most zeroed in on antigens from sporozoites - the parasite's early, invasive form. #InfectiousDiseases

RAS vaccination fosters the formation of a particular type of memory T cells that are resident in the liver. These tissue-resident memory T cells are essential for the protection induced by this vaccine #Immunology