CRISPR history part 24/24: December 2023: The FDA approved the first CRISPR-based therapy for sickle cell disease, CASGEVY™ (exagamglogene autotemcel) developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals in collaboration with CRISPR Therapeutics.

CRISPR history part 23/24: 2022: He is released from prison.

CRISPR history part 22/24: 2020: Nobel prize awared to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. They were recognized for their development of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool.

CRISPR history part 21/24: March 2020: Editas Medicine performs the first in vivo clinical study using CRISPR-Cas9 for inherited blindness by injecting EDIT-101 into the retina.

CRISPR history part 20/24: July 2019: First ex vivo gene therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 performed in the US on patient with sickle cell anemia.

CRISPR history part 19/24: November 2018: Jiankui He announces the birth of the first gene-edited babies (Lulu and Nana) in China, created using CRISPR-Cas9, sparking widespread ethical concerns and condemnation.

CRISPR history part 18/24: July 2017: First in vivo clinical study using ZFN technology to perform in situ genomic editing for Hunter Syndrome is performed.

CRISPR history part 17/24: 2016: First clinical study of CRISPR-Cas9 commenced in China, with PD-1 gene inactivated in blood cells for lung cancer therapy.

CRISPR history part 16/24: April 2015: Liang et al. (China) publish the first paper on using CRISPR-Cas9 on human embryonic cells. The researchers used non-viable embryos and emphasized the limitations and inefficiencies of the technique at the time.

CRISPR history part 15/24: March 2015: A report from the Napa conference discourages heritable changes in human embryos. Also, a commentary in Nature warns against the risks of editing the human germline.

CRISPR history part 14/24: January 2015: Doudna organizes a conference in Napa Valley on the ethical implications of genomic modification.

CRISPR history part 13/24: 2014+: Patent disputes between Doudna/Charpentier & Zhang/Broad Institute. In Feb 2022, the US Patent & TM Office Appeal Board confirms the priority of Zhang & the Broad Institute. Doudna & Charpentier win a similar patent disputes in other countries.