10/ We should probably note that all the previous GIFs were just snippets – here’s a complete fragmented video from Experiment 1 (these videos were the shortest), in case you are curious:

9/ Coherent videos also had cuts, but they only changed the point of view (i.e., position of the camera) and did not interfere with the causal structure of the event. We hypothesized uninterrupted causal links would lead to more accurate event recall.

8/ Importantly, fragmented videos were not completely devoid of causal structure. Instead, they contained causal discontinuities: After each cut in a fragmented video, objects would abruptly be in different positions and move at different speeds.

5/ As we were not interested in specific content – to the contrary, we wanted to eliminate its influence – we did not present movies or TikTok clips to our participants, but rather fairly odd videos of arbitrary objects hitting each other.