Candidates moderate their discourse when they need to appeal to a broader set of voters. In the French two-round system, candidates who make it to the runoff issue a new manifesto before the second round. Those present in both rounds reduce their extremeness in the runoff. 4/8

Using text-as-data methods, I first show that candidates tend to follow the party line: their ideological tone is consistent with the ideological ranking of their parties, from left to right. 3/8