Could this be done elsewhere? H2O mixed with CO2 can affect results, and other volcanoes are not as dry. So, we compiled the proportion of H2O in magmas around the world using >4000 melt inclusions (pockets of magma in crystals). Turns out, it could be useful at many other hazardous volcanoes (5/5)

How we did it: HVO personnel mailed the samples. We started at 9 am PT on the day of sample receipt. By 7 pm PT (5pm HT) fluid inclusions showed the crystals had been stored in the upper reservoir of Kīlauea prior to eruption. 2 subsequent days of additional analyses did not change the results (4/5)

As magma rises, gases like CO2 escape. Crystals growing in the magma trap the bubbles forming FI. If not modified, their CO2 density reflects the system’s pressure at trapping. By measuring many with Raman spectroscopy, we calculate the pressure—and depth— of magma storage before eruption (3/5)

"Where are the magmas coming from?" is a key question for scientists and nearby communities during eruptions. It helps model the system and assess eruption evolution. Faster than traditional geochemical tools, fluid inclusions were promising but hadn’t been tested in real time – until now (2/5).

⚒️ Can we measure magma storage depths fast enough to support volcanic observatories during ongoing eruptions? In our new JPET paper, we teamed up with HVO to simulate real-time rapid-response CO2 fluid inclusion barometry at Kīlauea, HI. We got depths in 1 day! How? Read on! (1/5)

Could this be done elsewhere? H2O mixed with CO2 can affect results, and other volcanoes are not as dry. So, we compiled the proportion of H2O in magmas around the world using >4000 melt inclusions (pockets of magma in crystals). Turns out, it could be useful at many other hazardous volcanoes (5/5)

How we did it: HVO personnel mailed the samples. We started at 9 am PT on the day of sample receipt. By 7 pm PT (5pm HT) fluid inclusions showed the crystals had been stored in the upper reservoir of Kīlauea prior to eruption. 2 subsequent days of additional analyses did not change the results (4/5)

As magma rises, gases like CO2 escape. Crystals growing in the magma trap the bubbles forming FI. If not modified, their CO2 density reflects the system’s pressure at trapping. By measuring many with Raman spectroscopy, we calculate the pressure—and depth— of magma storage before eruption (3/5)

"Where are the magmas coming from?" is a key question for scientists and nearby communities during eruptions. It helps model the system and assess eruption evolution. Faster than traditional geochemical tools, fluid inclusions were promising but hadn’t been tested in real time – until now (2/5).