I was worried you were like 14.

How old are you and what sort of physics schooling have you received? Have you taken courses in GR or Cosmology?

velocity is not well defined for large distances, so in a sense it could be argued that apparent velocity is not really a true velocity at all, to me this is a cop-out because a better picture to have in your head is one in which the galaxies are wizzing away from each other sufficiently rapidly.

"Let's just ignore time dialation" isn't a sensible theoretical suggestion, because when do you ignore it? why here? why now? wouldn't this method screw up all the other calculations that we understand.

I think you've made a mistake in your paper, while orbital precession happens in classical mechanics due to perturbations of other bodies, I think this precession rate is given by a formula that does not depend on the mass of mercury, instead depends on the mass of the central body, the sun M.

Interesting coincidence

The law against superluminal velocities applies only to objects passing by eachother locally. If space-time weren't expanding then we would absolutely use the velocity addition formula in the way that you describe. But it simply doesn't apply in this context. As things are, we use Hubble's law

example 1: GR didn't introduce an error, it correctly explained a real measurable effect that remains

Example 2: time dialation for fast moving muons is well established. The anomaly is about intrinsic magnetic properties, pretending time dialation doesn't happen isn't going to fix this anomaly

Of CoUrSE things don't exist because you can't see them - just bury your head in the sand and all scary things will go away. You don't like that the distance between galaxies change the way they do. Look, there's people here that are trying to understand actual physics... don't get in their way!

See Hubble's law: v=H*D as distance D gets larger, velocity v gets proportionately larger, there's no limit. Because of expanding Spacetime the light from sufficiently far away galaxies will never reach us, space is expanding too quickly. This effect does not violate general relativity.

Your correction might be more misleading than the original claim. While the words "space expands faster than the speed of light" lacks some clarity and nuance, the reality is: distant galaxies move away from each other faster than the speed of light. That is how our universe works