Do orally secreted REPATs to belong to a specific clade? use proteomics on saliva. Most proteins found in paralogous clades.

SelV1 infection reduces the abundance of some REPATS. SelV1 infection modulates plant response to caterpillars.

First perform manual annotations and phylogeny. MBF2 domain is absent in clade in Spodoptera only.
two clades: "one to one" and another clade "many to many" with extensive paralogs.

But many REPAT proteins were initially found in REsponse to PAThothens.
So REPATS are important in insect-plant and insect-pathogen interactions. Is there a 3-way interaction here?

Effector proteins from saliva interact with plants to suppress defense. A recently discovered class include REPAT.
REPAT are co-transcription factors, enhance gene action that suppress Jasmonic Acid pathways.

Gut microbiome overwhelmingly enterococcus. different bacterial enterococcus species are variably pathogenic or beneficial.
kmo-KO have worse adaptation to pepper plant, Higher susceptibility to other pathogens.

Examine bacterial composition via 16s on fore,mid,hind-gut.
kmo-KO have much less diversity in fore & mid, but not hind. Consistent with observation for more HQA in fore & mid gut.

8'-HQA, produced by moth, iron chelator. Primarily found in gut.
Target CRISPR at kmo gene, knocked out production of 8'-HQA. KO individuals have orange eyes, not brown.

Considering more recent climates, and predicting future, suggests expansion northward even into southern UK. But also largely absent from Africa, in souther portion of range.

Can then use model to find limiting climatic factors. Suggests max summer temp is limiting to south (into Africa), but in winter, thermal radition & min temps limited northward range.

Deploy species distribution modeling, focusing on
- minimum winter temperature.
- Downward thermal radiation in winter
Analyzed climatic data 1960-1980. Model of suitability fits well the historical distribution before 1980.

Historically ranged in southern europe, to middle France, but is expanding northward notably in the last 15 years, closely following increases in minimum winter temperature.