Aart van Stekelenburg
avstekelenburg.bsky.social
Aart van Stekelenburg
@avstekelenburg.bsky.social
Assistant professor at the Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, the Netherlands. Interested in science communication research.
Sadly, the authors of the meta-analysis do not want to respond to our letter. They did issue a correction to their work, in response to our letter. This correction, however, does not address the issues with the work.

Please take caution with this meta-analysis!
September 11, 2025 at 2:51 PM
Why? In short, 1) wrong effects were included and sometimes excluded, 2) wrong experimental conditions were included, 3) sample size estimates are implausible, and 4) active versus passive inoculation was incorrectly conceptualized. All these concerns and more are explained in the letter.
September 11, 2025 at 2:51 PM
The original work (www.jmir.org/2023/1/e49255) was published in 2023 and has since received a lot of attention. We now urge researchers, practitioners, and others who rely on this work to use caution.
Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: The prevalence of misinformation poses a substantial threat to individuals’ daily lives, necessitating the deployment of effective remedial approaches. One promising strategy is psychologi...
www.jmir.org
September 11, 2025 at 2:51 PM
Congrats, Niels! I hope we can meet sometime once you get settled in Wageningen. Nijmegen is just around the corner ;)
February 20, 2025 at 3:38 PM
Our new work complements amazing research published recently, which found similar results in a large international study.

www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A 27-country test of communicating the scientific consensus on climate change - Nature Human Behaviour
Across 27 countries, Većkalov and Geiger et al. find that scientific consensus messaging on climate change is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry but not s...
www.nature.com
November 19, 2024 at 10:11 AM
...while the effect on consensus perceptions is substantial, the effect on belief in climate change is small.

So, short and scalable consensus messages can be part of communicators’ toolkit to address climate denial across the globe, more is needed to boost its effects.
November 19, 2024 at 10:11 AM