Yet, the predictions derived from the literature did not generalize to our task. Unexpectedly, children broadly diversified choices. Switching between options dominated older children’s choices. Moreover, there was no effect of the dependency manipulation. Adults mostly maximized probability.6/n

We investigated if children aged 3–7 years (n = 201) and adults (n = 100) match their choices to options’ underlying outcome probabilities over ten trials. Participants learned about probabilities before making a choice via graphical representations, e.g., colored bingo balls.4/n