Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science is the #OpenAccess journal of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, published in association with @amosupdates.bsky.social.

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Cape Grim atmospheric composition observation station has been taking measurements (aerosols, radon, CO2, O3, CH3CCl3) for the past 49 years. Contributing to international assessments of atmospheric composition

UN reported 1.1 million deaths due to lead in petrol in 2011

Atmospheric composition can affect human health (through air pollution).

Aerosols are masking the warming effect that greenhouse gases make in the atmosphere

Challenge: How to do event attribution analysis if there is a large spread of precipitation analysis between products?

Challenge: Reanalyses and satellite precipitation estimates have a large variability of their global estimates (both land and ocean). In-situ data (especially with more than 50 years of records) are limited to land areas, mostly in the USA and Australia

What we know: 1. Global means precipitation increases with global warming. 2. Extreme precipitation follows Clausius-Clapeyron. 3. Southern Hemisphere storm track has shifted polewards. 4. Global models are getting better

Higher resolution models can also better represent wave breaking, an important process to forecast heatwaves and flooding events

Convective processes important to represent mesoscale convective systems are aerosols, shallow clouds, and boundary layer processes. Depending on the region, one of them would be the primary driver of convection

Representing orgraphic flows can help into better representing precipitation and snow accumulation

Topography is better resolved in higher resolution models and, therefore, land processes as well as convection.