The study was part of my PhD project and supported by the German research foundation (DFG), Project 13 in the Research Training Group GRK 2413 “The ageing synapse” (SynAGE). Thanks goes to the co-authors @hanskirschner.bsky.social & Markus Ullsperger, reviewers, editors and study participants. 13/13

While the exact location in pMFC and dlPFC regions varied between different memory epochs, other methods such as magneto- or electroencephalography recordings may capture in which temporal dynamics attentional allocation processes emerge. 12/n

The regions found in association with increased face-processing evidence were assigned to large-scale brain networks and showed the strongest contributions of a visual network, followed by dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks. 11/n

Using linear mixed model analyses, a link between face-processing evidence and both, the need for attentive encoding as well as subsequent recall success was found. 10/n

This measure was applied to the main memory task. The hemodynamic topography showed a reliable pattern beyond the FFA region itself in regions among pMFC, dlPFC and visual cortex, and during encoding also overlapping with a cytoarchitectonic mask of the basal forebrain. 9/n

For each participant, the most responsive voxels from the localizer task which fell within a cytoarchitectonic fusiform gyrus mask were identified as individualized fusiform face area voxels and a cross-validated model was trained to evaluate face-processing evidence. 8/n

We hypothesized that attentional allocation to the relevant stimulus category drives successful performance adaptations. To develop a model for the quantification of attention to faces, participants performed a 1-back localizer task, including face and house stimuli. 7/n

The post-error subsequent memory effect overlapped with the negative feedback contrast, which suggest a link between memory error detection and following learning adaptations.
But how are improvements on the next learning attempt implemented? 6/n

The regions we found mostly reflected previously described regions in meta-analysis on the subsequent memory effect, although pMFC’s function has not been addressed. 5/n

To understand which neurophysiological adaptations underly successful memory formation, we assessed what differentiates error-following encoding epochs with and without future recall success. 4/n

The conjunction of error monitoring contrasts converged in posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and premotor cortex (PMC). 3/n

We assessed memory error detection processes showing increased hemodynamic responses in contrasts for failed recall, low confidence and negative feedback. 2/n

To capture error monitoring and memory processes, we developed a cognitive paradigm to-be-performed during continuous fMRI scanning. In this paradigm, participants learned to associate face stimuli with different orientations of gabor patches.