(3/3) We conclude by examining various design principles used to engineer condensates in cells and in vitro, highlighting both tested and potential enzyme-hosting condensates. We finish with an outlook in which we envision the future of the field.

(2/3) These principles also influence enzymatic cascade reactions. Condensates offer possibilities for substrate channeling, hierarchical structures, and communication between condensates. The size of substrates also plays a significant role in enzymatic dynamics.

(1/3) This review focuses on the role of small molecular metabolites within condensates, with an example case study on glycolysis. We then explore how condensates affect single enzymatic reactions through the chemical environment, mass action, protein stability, scaffolding, and diffusion.

Huge thanks to Magnus Kjærgaard for his invaluable guidance in writing this proposal, my PhD supervisor Evan Spruijt @spruijtlab.bsky.social for his mentorship, and my (former) colleagues Maria, Ankush, Tiemei, & Karina for sharing great examples and support!

Excited for the journey ahead! 🚀🔬

After just a year transitioning from Radboud University to Aarhus University, I’m excited to continue exploring my interest in coacervates, aiming to design Synthetic Programmable Artificial Condensates for Enzymatic Reactions - gaining insights into metabolic engineering & synthetic biology