Ajivika
@ajivika.bsky.social
On a sailboat from Sumer to Lothal. I question everything.
From Babur’s Qazis to British courts, the Mughal judicial system evolved through adaptation and resilience. It’s a story of how history shapes the institutions we live by today. 🌟 #IndianHistory #MughalJustice #Thread (10/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:28 PM
From Babur’s Qazis to British courts, the Mughal judicial system evolved through adaptation and resilience. It’s a story of how history shapes the institutions we live by today. 🌟 #IndianHistory #MughalJustice #Thread (10/10)
Today, India’s judiciary reflects its Mughal past. Personal laws for Hindus and Muslims? Panchayats as village courts? These traditions trace back to Akbar’s inclusivity and Aurangzeb’s codification. 🕊️ #ModernIndia #MughalInfluence #Judiciary (9/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:27 PM
Today, India’s judiciary reflects its Mughal past. Personal laws for Hindus and Muslims? Panchayats as village courts? These traditions trace back to Akbar’s inclusivity and Aurangzeb’s codification. 🕊️ #ModernIndia #MughalInfluence #Judiciary (9/10)
Elsewhere, the Ottomans and Safavids also relied on Islamic law, like the Mughals. Meanwhile, Renaissance Europe was veering toward secular legal codes. A global tapestry of justice systems! 🌍 #ComparativeHistory #OttomanEmpire #Safavids (8/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:27 PM
Elsewhere, the Ottomans and Safavids also relied on Islamic law, like the Mughals. Meanwhile, Renaissance Europe was veering toward secular legal codes. A global tapestry of justice systems! 🌍 #ComparativeHistory #OttomanEmpire #Safavids (8/10)
Lord Cornwallis (1793) revamped courts further. British judges replaced Qazis for criminal cases, but civil disputes still followed personal laws. Institutions like the Sadar Diwani Adalat were Mughal-inspired. 🏛️ #Cornwallis #JudicialReform #India (7/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:27 PM
Lord Cornwallis (1793) revamped courts further. British judges replaced Qazis for criminal cases, but civil disputes still followed personal laws. Institutions like the Sadar Diwani Adalat were Mughal-inspired. 🏛️ #Cornwallis #JudicialReform #India (7/10)
When the British arrived, they didn’t erase the Mughal system—they co-opted it. In Bengal (1765), Warren Hastings codified Hindu and Muslim personal laws, blending tradition with colonial needs. 🏴☠️ #BritishIndia #ColonialHistory #LawReform (6/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:26 PM
When the British arrived, they didn’t erase the Mughal system—they co-opted it. In Bengal (1765), Warren Hastings codified Hindu and Muslim personal laws, blending tradition with colonial needs. 🏴☠️ #BritishIndia #ColonialHistory #LawReform (6/10)
As Mughal power waned, regional kingdoms adapted their judiciary. While central control weakened, Qazis and local panchayats still shaped everyday justice across the land. ⚖️ #DeclineOfEmpires #Judiciary #History (5/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:26 PM
As Mughal power waned, regional kingdoms adapted their judiciary. While central control weakened, Qazis and local panchayats still shaped everyday justice across the land. ⚖️ #DeclineOfEmpires #Judiciary #History (5/10)
Aurangzeb (1658–1707) codified Islamic law in the Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, emphasizing Sharia for criminal cases. Yet, Hindu panchayats remained powerful locally, showing the system’s flexibility. 📖 #Aurangzeb #FatawaAlamgiri #Law (4/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:26 PM
Aurangzeb (1658–1707) codified Islamic law in the Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, emphasizing Sharia for criminal cases. Yet, Hindu panchayats remained powerful locally, showing the system’s flexibility. 📖 #Aurangzeb #FatawaAlamgiri #Law (4/10)
Akbar (1556–1605), the great reformer, reshaped the judiciary. Hindu laws were included for civil cases, and non-Muslims were given roles in governance. His advisor, Abu’l-Fazl, was the mastermind behind this inclusivity. 🌏 #AkbarTheGreat #InclusiveJustice (3/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:25 PM
Akbar (1556–1605), the great reformer, reshaped the judiciary. Hindu laws were included for civil cases, and non-Muslims were given roles in governance. His advisor, Abu’l-Fazl, was the mastermind behind this inclusivity. 🌏 #AkbarTheGreat #InclusiveJustice (3/10)
It began with Babur, who brought Timurid traditions and Sharia-based governance to India in 1526. His judicial system, though basic, laid the foundation for an empire that would evolve justice for centuries. 📜 #MughalHistory #Babur #IslamicLaw (2/10)
January 2, 2025 at 3:25 PM
It began with Babur, who brought Timurid traditions and Sharia-based governance to India in 1526. His judicial system, though basic, laid the foundation for an empire that would evolve justice for centuries. 📜 #MughalHistory #Babur #IslamicLaw (2/10)
From Ashoka’s inscriptions to Tilak’s fiery articles, Indian journalism has informed, inspired, and empowered people for centuries. What’s your favorite chapter of this incredible journey? Let’s discuss! 🗨️ 10/10
#IndianHistory #MediaLegacy #Journalism
#IndianHistory #MediaLegacy #Journalism
December 30, 2024 at 7:10 PM
From Ashoka’s inscriptions to Tilak’s fiery articles, Indian journalism has informed, inspired, and empowered people for centuries. What’s your favorite chapter of this incredible journey? Let’s discuss! 🗨️ 10/10
#IndianHistory #MediaLegacy #Journalism
#IndianHistory #MediaLegacy #Journalism
Indian journalism wasn’t an isolated phenomenon. Its evolution mirrored global trends—Mughal Akhbarat matched the Peking Gazette, while the vernacular press paralleled revolutionary pamphlets in Europe. 9/10
#GlobalHistory #ComparativeMedia
#GlobalHistory #ComparativeMedia
December 30, 2024 at 7:10 PM
Indian journalism wasn’t an isolated phenomenon. Its evolution mirrored global trends—Mughal Akhbarat matched the Peking Gazette, while the vernacular press paralleled revolutionary pamphlets in Europe. 9/10
#GlobalHistory #ComparativeMedia
#GlobalHistory #ComparativeMedia
Nationalist Journalism: Newspapers like Kesari (1881, Marathi) by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) challenged colonial rule. Journalism became a weapon for India’s independence movement. 8/10
#FreedomStruggle #MediaForChange
#FreedomStruggle #MediaForChange
December 30, 2024 at 7:09 PM
Nationalist Journalism: Newspapers like Kesari (1881, Marathi) by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) challenged colonial rule. Journalism became a weapon for India’s independence movement. 8/10
#FreedomStruggle #MediaForChange
#FreedomStruggle #MediaForChange
Social Reform in the 19th Century: Reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy used newspapers like Sambad Kaumudi (1821) to fight against social evils like sati. Journalism became a platform for progressive change. 7/10
#SocialReform #MediaPower
#SocialReform #MediaPower
December 30, 2024 at 7:09 PM
Social Reform in the 19th Century: Reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy used newspapers like Sambad Kaumudi (1821) to fight against social evils like sati. Journalism became a platform for progressive change. 7/10
#SocialReform #MediaPower
#SocialReform #MediaPower
Rise of Vernacular Newspapers:
• Samachar Darpan (1818): First Bengali newspaper.
• Bombay Samachar (1822): Oldest Gujarati paper, still in print!
• Jam-i-Jahan Numa (1822): Pioneer in Urdu journalism.
The press became a voice for regional India. 6/10
#VernacularPress #IndianMedia
• Samachar Darpan (1818): First Bengali newspaper.
• Bombay Samachar (1822): Oldest Gujarati paper, still in print!
• Jam-i-Jahan Numa (1822): Pioneer in Urdu journalism.
The press became a voice for regional India. 6/10
#VernacularPress #IndianMedia
December 30, 2024 at 7:09 PM
Rise of Vernacular Newspapers:
• Samachar Darpan (1818): First Bengali newspaper.
• Bombay Samachar (1822): Oldest Gujarati paper, still in print!
• Jam-i-Jahan Numa (1822): Pioneer in Urdu journalism.
The press became a voice for regional India. 6/10
#VernacularPress #IndianMedia
• Samachar Darpan (1818): First Bengali newspaper.
• Bombay Samachar (1822): Oldest Gujarati paper, still in print!
• Jam-i-Jahan Numa (1822): Pioneer in Urdu journalism.
The press became a voice for regional India. 6/10
#VernacularPress #IndianMedia
Colonial Era: The printing press revolutionized journalism in India. Hicky’s Bengal Gazette (1780), the first printed newspaper, exposed corruption but faced censorship. Modern Indian journalism was born. 5/10
#ColonialIndia #PressHistory
#ColonialIndia #PressHistory
December 30, 2024 at 7:08 PM
Colonial Era: The printing press revolutionized journalism in India. Hicky’s Bengal Gazette (1780), the first printed newspaper, exposed corruption but faced censorship. Modern Indian journalism was born. 5/10
#ColonialIndia #PressHistory
#ColonialIndia #PressHistory
The Mughal Akhbarat resembled the Peking Gazette in China—both centralized news systems for rulers. Medieval Indian journalism was sophisticated and comparable to global practices of its time. 4/10
#ComparativeHistory #GlobalMedia
#ComparativeHistory #GlobalMedia
December 30, 2024 at 7:08 PM
The Mughal Akhbarat resembled the Peking Gazette in China—both centralized news systems for rulers. Medieval Indian journalism was sophisticated and comparable to global practices of its time. 4/10
#ComparativeHistory #GlobalMedia
#ComparativeHistory #GlobalMedia
Mughal Era: The Mughals institutionalized information with Waqia-Nawis (newswriters) and Akhbarat (handwritten newsletters). These early “newspapers” reported local events to the court, laying the groundwork for systematic journalism. 3/10
#MughalHistory #JournalismHistory
#MughalHistory #JournalismHistory
December 30, 2024 at 7:08 PM
Mughal Era: The Mughals institutionalized information with Waqia-Nawis (newswriters) and Akhbarat (handwritten newsletters). These early “newspapers” reported local events to the court, laying the groundwork for systematic journalism. 3/10
#MughalHistory #JournalismHistory
#MughalHistory #JournalismHistory
Ancient India: Journalism’s roots lie in Ashokan Edicts (3rd century BCE), where Emperor Ashoka used inscriptions to communicate policies and moral teachings across his empire. Early public communication at its finest. 2/10
#AncientIndia #Ashoka #MediaHistory
#AncientIndia #Ashoka #MediaHistory
December 30, 2024 at 7:07 PM
Ancient India: Journalism’s roots lie in Ashokan Edicts (3rd century BCE), where Emperor Ashoka used inscriptions to communicate policies and moral teachings across his empire. Early public communication at its finest. 2/10
#AncientIndia #Ashoka #MediaHistory
#AncientIndia #Ashoka #MediaHistory
The Mughals’ local administration wasn’t just about empire—it’s a story of innovation, inclusivity, and resilience. Modern Indian bureaucracy, courts, and rural governance trace back to their legacy.
#MughalIndia #IndianHistory #Empires 10/10
#MughalIndia #IndianHistory #Empires 10/10
December 29, 2024 at 7:58 PM
The Mughals’ local administration wasn’t just about empire—it’s a story of innovation, inclusivity, and resilience. Modern Indian bureaucracy, courts, and rural governance trace back to their legacy.
#MughalIndia #IndianHistory #Empires 10/10
#MughalIndia #IndianHistory #Empires 10/10
Mughals ruled 4 million sq km of land.
Akbar’s administration supported an army of 1 million, the largest globally.
By the 1800s, remnants of the Mughal system still governed 190 million Indians under British rule.
#GlobalComparisons #History 9/10
Akbar’s administration supported an army of 1 million, the largest globally.
By the 1800s, remnants of the Mughal system still governed 190 million Indians under British rule.
#GlobalComparisons #History 9/10
December 29, 2024 at 7:57 PM
Mughals ruled 4 million sq km of land.
Akbar’s administration supported an army of 1 million, the largest globally.
By the 1800s, remnants of the Mughal system still governed 190 million Indians under British rule.
#GlobalComparisons #History 9/10
Akbar’s administration supported an army of 1 million, the largest globally.
By the 1800s, remnants of the Mughal system still governed 190 million Indians under British rule.
#GlobalComparisons #History 9/10
By the 18th century, Mughal governance weakened due to decentralization and invasions. The British co-opted their efficient systems:
• Subahs → Presidencies
• Qanungos → Patwaris
• Mansabdari → Zamindari System
#ColonialHistory #Legacy 8/10
• Subahs → Presidencies
• Qanungos → Patwaris
• Mansabdari → Zamindari System
#ColonialHistory #Legacy 8/10
December 29, 2024 at 7:57 PM
By the 18th century, Mughal governance weakened due to decentralization and invasions. The British co-opted their efficient systems:
• Subahs → Presidencies
• Qanungos → Patwaris
• Mansabdari → Zamindari System
#ColonialHistory #Legacy 8/10
• Subahs → Presidencies
• Qanungos → Patwaris
• Mansabdari → Zamindari System
#ColonialHistory #Legacy 8/10
Revenue surveys led by Todar Mal were unprecedented in precision.
Local governance was multi-religious: Hindus, Muslims, and even women like Jahanara Begum influenced policy.
Urban centers like Delhi & Agra were meticulously planned, mirroring Ottoman Constantinople.
#Innovation #Governance 7/10
Local governance was multi-religious: Hindus, Muslims, and even women like Jahanara Begum influenced policy.
Urban centers like Delhi & Agra were meticulously planned, mirroring Ottoman Constantinople.
#Innovation #Governance 7/10
December 29, 2024 at 7:56 PM
Revenue surveys led by Todar Mal were unprecedented in precision.
Local governance was multi-religious: Hindus, Muslims, and even women like Jahanara Begum influenced policy.
Urban centers like Delhi & Agra were meticulously planned, mirroring Ottoman Constantinople.
#Innovation #Governance 7/10
Local governance was multi-religious: Hindus, Muslims, and even women like Jahanara Begum influenced policy.
Urban centers like Delhi & Agra were meticulously planned, mirroring Ottoman Constantinople.
#Innovation #Governance 7/10