👏 Huge congratulations to Olgerta Asko, who led this work, and to our fantastic collaborators at @unioslo-ritmo.bsky.social, @ucberkeleyofficial.bsky.social cial.bsky.social, and @oushf.bsky.social sky.social.
🙏 Special thanks to the patients who made this research possible.

👩‍🔬👨‍🔬 Together, these results provide electrophysiological and causal evidence that the human prefrontal cortex predicts future sounds through distinct, time-ordered roles of OFC and LPFC.
Read the full preprint here 👉 doi.org/10.1101/2025...

Intracranial EEG shows expectancy modulations in the prefrontal cortex:
🧠 OFC earlier
🧠 LPFC later
(This was measured via high-frequency activity, a marker of local brain activity)

Connectivity analyses reveal bidirectional exchange, with the first lead by OFC.

#iEEG #PredictiveProcessing #HFA

Lesion evidence indicates distinct roles:
🧠 Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) damage abolishes sensitivity to expectancy.
🧠 Lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) damage shows only modest, non-significant effects compared to controls.
(Shown using #CNV #ERP that tracks anticipation)

#BrainLesion #Prediction

In an auditory local–global deviance detection task, we found that the brain tracks sound regularities to anticipate when a rare deviant sequence will occur.
⚡ Participants detected deviants faster when they were expected.

#PredictiveProcessing

Nice work Antonino and colleagues!
We have a recent paper addressing a similar issue that you might find interesting
doi.org/10.1038/s415...

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Thanks to our fantastic team and collaborators across Oslo, Cambridge, Berkeley, and Buenos Aires!

📄 Read the full paper: doi.org/10.1038/s415...

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🔬 This work has implications for cognitive neuroscience, especially in understanding how structure is extracted from seemingly unstructured input, and bridges predictive coding and statistical learning.

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💥 Our findings reshape how we understand statistical learning: the brain doesn't just react—it constantly builds models of the world.
This study shows, for the first time, that the brain implicitly encodes transitional probabilities in random streams without attention or intention.