The research highlights a critical shortage of antigen-matched blood, especially for patients with rare conditions that affect Black, Asian, and Mixed communities. The demand of RO Kell antigen is high but rare in pool donors. Further studies are needed for future.
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To increase blood donations from ethnic minorities, it's crucial to address barriers like mistrust and cultural differences. Community leaders can promote trust and show how donations benefit those in needs. Cultural respect, outreach is key to boosting participation among minorities.

The quasi-experiment identified five key domains of trust—trust in NHS staff, NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), individuals, outgroups, and politics. It has higher levels of distrust in these areas, particularly in Asian and Black communities, leading to lower willingness to blood donation.

Ro Kell antigen, common in Black populations, is vital for SCD patients. Thalassemia patients, often from Asian backgrounds, also require frequent transfusions. Addressing the critical shortage of antigen-matched blood from these groups is essential for equitable healthcare access.

Trust is a critical factor in increasing blood donations among ethnic minorities. Historical injustices and a lack of representation in healthcare systems have led to a deep-rooted mistrust in institutions like the NHS and blood services. This lack of trust concerns fairness, unequal treatment.

Antigen-identical blood means donor and recipient share the same ABO antigens and antibodies, preventing immune reactions. Compatible blood is safe for transfusion but not an exact match.SCD patients often need antigen-identical blood like Ro Kell, but minority donor shortages persist.

Antigens (ABO, Rh, Ro Kell) determine blood compatibility, crucial for safe transfusions. SCD affects Black populations, while thalassemia impacts Asian and Mixed groups. Ethnically matched donors prevent immune reactions in transfusion-dependent patients with better health outcomes.

Historical events like the Windrush scandal and Brexit have deepened mistrust in healthcare and political institutions among ethnic minorities. This distrust affects blood donation rates, as healthcare is viewed as linked to these systems, which have historically neglected the ethnic minorities.

Ethnic minorities hesitate to donate blood due to mistrust in healthcare, influenced by concerns about fairness, lack of representation, and conditional distrust. Addressing these issues through targeted education and inclusive community outreach can build trust and encourage blood donation.