Boudinage occurs during plastic deformation in extensional settings. As rocks with heterogeneous material thin, layers can undergo pinch and swell deformation creating features that look like sausage links. These are called boudins, after the French word for sausage.

Crinoids are marine organisms that first appear in the fossil record in the Ordovician Period, with living relatives today. Crinoid stems often disarticulate when they die, leaving behind individual stem pieces that resemble discs. Crinoid fossils are common in limestones from the Paleozoic Era.

Iron-oxide mineral hematite displaying botryoidal crystal habit. The term botryoidal comes from the ancient Greek "botrys" meaning bunch of grapes. Botryoidal minerals have a bubbly texture like a bunch of grapes. Each "grape" represents crystals growing radially from a nucleus.