The modern antibiotic era began in the early twentieth century, but humans have long used materials from the natural world to attempt to treat the symptoms of infection. In this primer, we will discus...

We present a protocol for the generation of a gene-deletion allelic-exchange plasmid and its recovery in <i>Escherichia coli</i> for the purpose of constructing an in-frame gene deletion in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Here, we present detailed methodologies for (i) the primer design (using the <i>S</i> …

We present a protocol for the generation of a gene-deletion allelic-exchange plasmid and its recovery in <i>Escherichia coli</i> for the purpose of constructing an in-frame gene deletion in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Here, we present detailed methodologies for (i) the primer design (using the <i>S</i> …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen notorious for its antimicrobial resistance and is currently classified as a high-priority pathogen for which new drugs are needed. Tetrasodium EDTA (tEDTA) is one of the new antimicrobial compounds that have been shown to have good antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against P. aeruginosa. Due to the diversity and highly drug-tolerant nature of P. aeruginosa biofilms in different infection environments, it is important to carry out pre-clinical testing of new antibiofilm agents against this pathogen in media and models that accurately mimic diverse infection environments. In this study, we used different high validity media and biofilm models that mimic chronic wounds, endotracheal tubes, and cystic fibrosis lung infections to assess the efficacy of tEDTA against P. aeruginosa biofilms. We report that different infection environments influence the susceptibility of both planktonic and biofilm forms of P. aeruginosa to tEDTA. The highest tolerance to tEDTA was observed in the media and biofilm model that mimics the endotracheal tube environment. In conclusion, we show that although different infection environments influence the efficacy of tEDTA against P. aeruginosa biofilms, it has good potential for use as an alternative antimicrobial in treating P. aeruginosa-associated biofilm infections. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of the human airway that can cause a variety of chronic infections, typically in the context of pre-existing lung damage. The interaction o...