Vulvovaginal candidiasis, primarily caused by Candida albicans, presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to fungal biofilm formation and the poor aqueous solubility of azole antifungals like c...

A monofunctional benzoxazine with an ortho-positioned hydroxy group was designed in an attempt to obtain low-curing monomers impelled by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A set of hydroxybenzoxazines (OHBxR) was synthesized with different substituents (R) on the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic ring. The structure in the solid state indicates dimeric compounds in which benzoxazine molecules are bonded together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl functional and nitrogen atoms. All hydroxybenzoxazines showed lower curing temperatures in comparison with adequate benzoxazine monomers without hydroxy functionalization (OHBxR < tBuBxR). The ring-opening polymerization for hydroxybenzoxazines proceeds via different pathways stimulated by hydrogen bonds, giving rise to a new, unknown hydroxy-acetal type of polybenzoxazine. The crucial new stage in the modified structure of the polymer chain involves proton transfer from the hydroxy group to the activated oxygen atom from the open oxazine ring.