Abstract. Etizolam (EZM), a benzodiazepine drug, is a derivative of thienodiazepine. EZM displays an array of biological activities, including as an amnesi

In this study, an analytical approximation that can be used to estimate the change in the electric field caused by the introduction of circular slits on endcap ...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in tissue structure and function and serves as an integral component of diverse biological systems. However, the comprehensive characterization of E...

Pathogenic variants in the CACNA1F gene are linked to congenital stationary night blindness type 2 though their specific molecular effects remain elusive. This study examines the retinal impact of two...

Flux dialysis, a superior method for plasma protein binding measurement of compounds with challenging properties has limitations in early-stage drug discovery due to multi-timepoint sampling, and prol...

The total flavonoid extract of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (TFLLC), a medicinal and edible plant of the Fagaceae family, has been developed as a preclinical drug candidate in China due to i...

Tegoprazan (TEG) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. This work aimed to develop and validate an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass Spect....

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a diverse group of thousands of compounds, for which only a limited number of analytical reference standards are available. This presents significan...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly associated with cirrhosis, is a major cause of cancer-related mortality due to its poor prognosis. Herein, we investigated fucosylated glycoforms of serum haptoglobin (Hp) as potential biomarkers for HCC of metabolic associated dysfunction associated liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol related liver disease (ALD) etiologies. We analyzed 119 patient samples, including 60 with cirrhosis and 59 with HCC. Isolated Hp protein was digested using trypsin and Glu-C, and site-specific N-glycans were quantified using PRM with LC-HCD-MS/MS. Differential analysis revealed significant variations in fucosylated tetra-antennary glycoforms at N241(VVLHPN241YSQVD and VVLHPN241YSQVDIGLIK), particularly in distinguishing cirrhosis and HCC (P < 0.05). A combined analysis of identified tetra-antennary fucosylated markers, along with AFP, gender, and age, demonstrated improved AUC. Tetra-antennary glycoforms exhibited an AUC of 0.871 (95% CI: 0.80–0.93) when incorporated into the AFP + age + gender + marker panel compared to AFP alone (0.756) with a sensitivity of 0.763 at a specificity of 0.80. 3-fold cross validation was further used to assess the performance of the optimal biomarker panel. Thus, a combination of fucosylated tetra-antennary glycoforms may serve as important markers for distinguishing HCC from cirrhosis.

While modern mobility methods have shifted toward vacuum-based techniques that allow advanced ion manipulations to improve resolution, atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) cells continue to find utility in primary security and screening applications. These small units generally demonstrate low resolution due to both their size and inability to perform advanced ion manipulations at atmospheric pressure. Existing drift time IMS cells utilize a static voltage typically tuned to optimize both total signal and separation efficiency for the ions of particular interest in a given application. These static voltage IMS cells suffer from a phenomenon similar to the general elution problem of chromatography, wherein the separation conditions are optimized for a particular species at the expense of the other analytes in the system. Through the application of an external high voltage sweep (VS) tuned to match the theoretical optimum potential at every drift time, this work solves the General Elution Problem of IMS. In comparison to static mode, VSIMS demonstrates significantly improved resolution and resolving power while maintaining fidelity in reduced mobility measurements. When applied to a library of IMS standards, VSIMS demonstrates consistent, reproducible resolving powers regardless of the mobility of the ion introduced to the instrument.

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in the blood with decreases in the voided volume due to a decline in renal function and promotes the progression of r…

Helichrysum species, of which 35% are native to South Africa, are renowned for their diverse medicinal properties, yet their chemical composition remains largely unexplored. As such, continuous effort...

This study aims to elucidate the processes involved in radiation-induced liver injury and subsequent hepatocyte proliferation, and to identify novel metabolic profiles associated with progression of l...

BackgroundChronic inflammation from obesogenic diets (OBD) disrupts lipid metabolism and contributes to non-communicable metabolic diseases. Exercise is a no...

The change of aroma fingerprint and its corresponding precursors during pork roasting remains unclear. The formation of key aroma compounds in roasted…

The prebiotic potential of ocean worlds such as Europa and Enceladus, while not well constrained, is vital in the search for potential life elsewhere. To better understand this potential, laboratory studies provide experimental insight into the chemical environment(s) of ocean worlds and any constraints to hold prebiotically relevant systems. However, simulated ocean world solutions present a technical challenge for analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), as the high saline content required for simulating ocean world environments results in ion suppression and reduced sensitivity. Here, we compare three sample preparation techniques, C4 ZipTips, C18 ZipTips, and on-plate washing, for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization – time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS of saline solutions similar to environments expected in ocean worlds. We determined that using C18 ZipTips was optimal when paired with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix, whereas on-plate desalting was optimal when paired with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrix. The methodology described here presents simple, low-volume sample preparation strategies for MALDI-TOF MS of model prebiotic reactions in saline solutions.

Tandem mass spectrometry is a central analytical tool in chemistry, yet the fragmentation mechanisms underlying collision-induced dissociation remain incompletely understood. A key challenge is predic...

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, displays a pronounced geographical variation and progresses to end-stage…

IntroductionCholine is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in lipid metabolism and growth performance in livestock.MethodsThis study investigated the...

Early detection of biological changes is crucial for effective monitoring of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Research that elucidates the connection…

Advancements in protein extraction methodologies are essential for enhancing insect proteomics, especially in sap-feeding small insects, where high li…

High temperature impacts the performance and health of dairy cows in summer, causing considerable financial burden in the dairy industry. Differences …

Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has shown potent activities in treating patients with atherosclerosis (AS), whereas its immunometabolic mechanism rema…

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant public health threat. Rapid detection of CRKP and its resistance mechanisms is e…

Sunitinib is associated with a high incidence of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) that significantly affects the quality of life and treatment continuat…