Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 30 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00139-zAnimal personalities are important in a changing world

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 30 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00136-2Defining non-native populations is essential yet challenging in freshwater systems, where policy relies on administrative borders and science on ecological units. This mismatch complicates regulation, risk assessment and biosecurity. We propose a basin-first, population-level classification that distinguishes intrabasin from interbasin nativity to better support coherent, ecologically grounded policy and management.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 06 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00133-5Rattan evolution shaped by island biogeography

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 06 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00132-6Functional immunogenomic diversity matters

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 06 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00134-4Climate model intercomparison projects have been essential in identifying mechanisms of human-caused climate change, but similar efforts in biodiversity science have lagged behind. This Perspective discusses existing biodiversity model intercomparison projects and identifies opportunities for their advancement in the future.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 29 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00137-1Same-sex sexual behaviour in nonhuman primates

Globally, more than one million species are threatened with extinction, but often interventions intended to protect biodiversity are not rooted in robust research. The field has an opportunity to change that.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 27 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00126-wScientists disagree about area-based conservation’s role in addressing biodiversity loss. This Perspective examines how conservation scientists, land systems scientists and political ecologists approach these debates differently and argues that environmental data justice frameworks can bridge epistemic divides, helping researchers to develop more effective and equitable conservation interventions.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 23 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00135-3Welcoming all forms of knowledge enables more complete understandings

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 30 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00139-zAnimal personalities are important in a changing world

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 30 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00136-2Defining non-native populations is essential yet challenging in freshwater systems, where policy relies on administrative borders and science on ecological units. This mismatch complicates regulation, risk assessment and biosecurity. We propose a basin-first, population-level classification that distinguishes intrabasin from interbasin nativity to better support coherent, ecologically grounded policy and management.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 29 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00137-1Same-sex sexual behaviour in nonhuman primates

The Ocean Equity Index provides a systematic, twelve-criteria framework to assess and improve equity in ocean initiatives, projects and policies, producing structured data that guide evidence-bas...

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 22 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00120-2Global shark and ray populations have declined sharply, driven by expanding fisheries and inequitable gaps in catch, trade and distribution data. This Review assesses global status, highlights drivers of decline, and outlines the regulatory, market-based and conservation actions needed to reduce mortality and reverse shark and ray biodiversity loss.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 27 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00126-wScientists disagree about area-based conservation’s role in addressing biodiversity loss. This Perspective examines how conservation scientists, land systems scientists and political ecologists approach these debates differently and argues that environmental data justice frameworks can bridge epistemic divides, helping researchers to develop more effective and equitable conservation interventions.

The fields of medicine and marketing use large data volumes and computational power to target individuals. This Perspective argues that applied ecologists should draw on such approaches to provide dec...

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 20 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00116-yMarine spatial planning (MSP) and ecosystem restoration are effective approaches to address marine and coastal biodiversity loss and meet Global Biodiversity Framework targets, but have been applied separately to date. This Perspective outlines how ecoscape restoration and climate-smart MSP can be aligned to deliver reciprocal benefits and accelerate biodiversity recovery.

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets out 23 global targets to be met by 2030 that aim to help halt and reverse biodiversity loss.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 19 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00127-9Our team reflects on a successful first year and discusses our continued aspiration to be an outlet for effective syntheses of essential advances in biodiversity science and policy.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 19 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00122-0Biodiversity surveys and monitoring programmes hold promise for guiding evidence-based conservation in China, but inconsistent survey methodologies, insufficient oversight and flawed data management undermine the reliability and utility of these datasets. China should draw on international best practices to improve data integration, verification, and management, to ultimately strengthen its conservation outcomes.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 23 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00135-3Welcoming all forms of knowledge enables more complete understandings

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 16 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00125-xThe question of how to define a species has a long history and continued relevance for ongoing biological and conservation research. This Review describes the history of the species problem, and explores how novel evolutionary pressures and constraints of the Anthropocene might be complicating species definitions even further.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 22 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00120-2Global shark and ray populations have declined sharply, driven by expanding fisheries and inequitable gaps in catch, trade and distribution data. This Review assesses global status, highlights drivers of decline, and outlines the regulatory, market-based and conservation actions needed to reduce mortality and reverse shark and ray biodiversity loss.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 14 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s44358-026-00129-1Why 50-year studies are needed in a 3-year-grant world