High planting density boosts crop yields but also heightens pest and pathogen risks. How plants adapt their defenses under these conditions remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that maize enhance...

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Cell functions across eukaryotes are driven by specific gene expression programs, which are dependent on chromatin structure1–3. Here we report a single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice, one of the world’s major crops. By simultaneously profiling chromatin accessibility and RNA expression in 116,564 cells from eight organs, we identified cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks and described novel cell states, such as a ‘transitional state’ in floral meristems. On the basis of our network analyses, we uncovered the function of the cell-type-specific regulatory hubs RSR1, F3H and LTPL120 during rice development. Our analysis revealed correlations between cell type and agronomic traits, as well as conserved and divergent cell-type functions during evolution. In summary, this study not only offers a unique single-cell multi-omics resource for a major crop but also advances our understanding of cell-type functions and the underlying molecular programs in rice. A single-cell multi-omics at

Reactive oxygen species function as key signals in plant adaptation to environmental stresses like drought. Roots respond to transient water unavailability by temporarily ceasing branching through the...

Meiotic crossovers enhance genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms. Here, the authors propose that the higher-order spatial organization of the meiotic chromosomes shapes sexual dimorphism...

Plants rely on water and light for photosynthesis, but water droplets on leaves can focus light into high-intensity spots, risking photodamage. Excess…

A sunlight-activated chemical spray increases wheat yield in field trials across rainfall conditions.