Sofia Santos
@gralhix.bsky.social
🇵🇹 Senior OSINT Investigator & Tech Lead ~ Addicted to finding stuff & explaining things ~ Occasionally funny ~ https://gralhix.com & http://youtube.com/@gralhix
Do you want to investigate human rights violations? Protests in Iran are spreading and authorities escalating efforts to suppress them.
In 2022, I wrote a guide using Iran as a case study. All methods and keywords still very relevant (and you dont even need X/tweetdeck).
gralhix.com/2022/12/17/h...
In 2022, I wrote a guide using Iran as a case study. All methods and keywords still very relevant (and you dont even need X/tweetdeck).
gralhix.com/2022/12/17/h...
How to monitor oppressive regimes on Twitter using TweetDeck
This entry was updated in April 2023 to cover the new TweetDeck layout and settings (Click here to watch and listen to the video version of this blog entry) Twitter and TweetDeck as monitoring tool…
gralhix.com
December 31, 2025 at 10:40 AM
Do you want to investigate human rights violations? Protests in Iran are spreading and authorities escalating efforts to suppress them.
In 2022, I wrote a guide using Iran as a case study. All methods and keywords still very relevant (and you dont even need X/tweetdeck).
gralhix.com/2022/12/17/h...
In 2022, I wrote a guide using Iran as a case study. All methods and keywords still very relevant (and you dont even need X/tweetdeck).
gralhix.com/2022/12/17/h...
For my 2nd challenge for @osint4fun.eu's Advent of OSINT 2025 you will need to identify the airline, make and model of the aircraft seen in the photo below.
Can you do it? 🤔
Enter your answer on OSINT4Fun's page to confirm whether you were right 🎅
Best of luck!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
Can you do it? 🤔
Enter your answer on OSINT4Fun's page to confirm whether you were right 🎅
Best of luck!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
December 14, 2025 at 11:37 PM
For my 2nd challenge for @osint4fun.eu's Advent of OSINT 2025 you will need to identify the airline, make and model of the aircraft seen in the photo below.
Can you do it? 🤔
Enter your answer on OSINT4Fun's page to confirm whether you were right 🎅
Best of luck!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
Can you do it? 🤔
Enter your answer on OSINT4Fun's page to confirm whether you were right 🎅
Best of luck!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
The answer to this OSINT challenge will reveal my favourite Christmas film of all time 😍
This @osint4fun.eu's Advent calendar challenge has a twist. You start with the coordinates but these point to.. nothing..? 🤔
Enjoy and please, NO SPOILERS in the comments!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
This @osint4fun.eu's Advent calendar challenge has a twist. You start with the coordinates but these point to.. nothing..? 🤔
Enjoy and please, NO SPOILERS in the comments!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
December 5, 2025 at 10:33 AM
The answer to this OSINT challenge will reveal my favourite Christmas film of all time 😍
This @osint4fun.eu's Advent calendar challenge has a twist. You start with the coordinates but these point to.. nothing..? 🤔
Enjoy and please, NO SPOILERS in the comments!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
This @osint4fun.eu's Advent calendar challenge has a twist. You start with the coordinates but these point to.. nothing..? 🤔
Enjoy and please, NO SPOILERS in the comments!
www.osint4fun.eu/advent2025/2...
Reposted by Sofia Santos
Know how to make online communities feel like home (and stay organised doing it)? Bellingcat needs a Community Operations and Project Manager to support our growing global Volunteer Community and to help run Bellingcat’s Investigative Toolkit project.
Apply here: www.bellingcat.com/bellingcat-j...
Apply here: www.bellingcat.com/bellingcat-j...
Community Operations & Project Manager - bellingcat
We are looking for a Community Operations & Project Manager to support our growing Volunteer Community and Bellingcat’s Investigative Toolkit project.
www.bellingcat.com
December 4, 2025 at 2:05 PM
Know how to make online communities feel like home (and stay organised doing it)? Bellingcat needs a Community Operations and Project Manager to support our growing global Volunteer Community and to help run Bellingcat’s Investigative Toolkit project.
Apply here: www.bellingcat.com/bellingcat-j...
Apply here: www.bellingcat.com/bellingcat-j...
1/6
It’s that time of the year again. As we wrap up 2025, I have compiled a list of the best OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges that are sure to put your skills to the test this season! 🌟
Are you ready for a busy December? 👇
gralhix.com/2025/11/30/t...
It’s that time of the year again. As we wrap up 2025, I have compiled a list of the best OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges that are sure to put your skills to the test this season! 🌟
Are you ready for a busy December? 👇
gralhix.com/2025/11/30/t...
Top 2025 OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges to keep you busy this December
It’s that time of the year again! An entire month dedicated to learning, exploring, and putting your OSINT skills to the test with daily challenges and Capture the Flag (CTF) events. Are you …
gralhix.com
November 30, 2025 at 10:11 PM
1/6
It’s that time of the year again. As we wrap up 2025, I have compiled a list of the best OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges that are sure to put your skills to the test this season! 🌟
Are you ready for a busy December? 👇
gralhix.com/2025/11/30/t...
It’s that time of the year again. As we wrap up 2025, I have compiled a list of the best OSINT and CTF Advent calendar challenges that are sure to put your skills to the test this season! 🌟
Are you ready for a busy December? 👇
gralhix.com/2025/11/30/t...
The #30DayMapChallenge is an incredible project that runs every November. Participants create & share maps on 30 themes.
A well crafted visualisation can transform a "boring" section into something that really sticks with the reader, so I'll be checking our this year's entries for inspiration!
A well crafted visualisation can transform a "boring" section into something that really sticks with the reader, so I'll be checking our this year's entries for inspiration!
November 1, 2025 at 8:11 PM
The #30DayMapChallenge is an incredible project that runs every November. Participants create & share maps on 30 themes.
A well crafted visualisation can transform a "boring" section into something that really sticks with the reader, so I'll be checking our this year's entries for inspiration!
A well crafted visualisation can transform a "boring" section into something that really sticks with the reader, so I'll be checking our this year's entries for inspiration!
Reposted by Sofia Santos
ever feel this chronic itch for some OSINT challenge?
well, i do. and i really didn't want to practice profiling people i know irl.
here's a list of OSINT challenges brought to you by the awesome @gralhix.bsky.social.
gralhix.com/list-of-osin...
have fun sharpening those skills 😋
well, i do. and i really didn't want to practice profiling people i know irl.
here's a list of OSINT challenges brought to you by the awesome @gralhix.bsky.social.
gralhix.com/list-of-osin...
have fun sharpening those skills 😋
List of OSINT Exercises – Challenge Yourself!
Looking to build your OSINT skills or put them to the test? Try out my list of free OSINT challenges! What are the OSINT Exercises? These OSINT exercises, also called challenges, give you the chanc…
gralhix.com
October 20, 2025 at 6:53 AM
ever feel this chronic itch for some OSINT challenge?
well, i do. and i really didn't want to practice profiling people i know irl.
here's a list of OSINT challenges brought to you by the awesome @gralhix.bsky.social.
gralhix.com/list-of-osin...
have fun sharpening those skills 😋
well, i do. and i really didn't want to practice profiling people i know irl.
here's a list of OSINT challenges brought to you by the awesome @gralhix.bsky.social.
gralhix.com/list-of-osin...
have fun sharpening those skills 😋
🕵️ The solution to OSINT Exercise 032 is now live on Youtube!
⚠️ Warning: There's some cursing involved!
✅ Did you solve it?
🖥️ Check out the video walkthrough where I explain how to complete all tasks.
🌡️Level: Beginners: Medium ~ Hard; Experts: Easy ~ Medium.
#osintchallenge
youtu.be/WGw7xLKOqn8
⚠️ Warning: There's some cursing involved!
✅ Did you solve it?
🖥️ Check out the video walkthrough where I explain how to complete all tasks.
🌡️Level: Beginners: Medium ~ Hard; Experts: Easy ~ Medium.
#osintchallenge
youtu.be/WGw7xLKOqn8
OSINT Exercise 032 | Solution and full walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
youtu.be
September 8, 2025 at 9:26 AM
🕵️ The solution to OSINT Exercise 032 is now live on Youtube!
⚠️ Warning: There's some cursing involved!
✅ Did you solve it?
🖥️ Check out the video walkthrough where I explain how to complete all tasks.
🌡️Level: Beginners: Medium ~ Hard; Experts: Easy ~ Medium.
#osintchallenge
youtu.be/WGw7xLKOqn8
⚠️ Warning: There's some cursing involved!
✅ Did you solve it?
🖥️ Check out the video walkthrough where I explain how to complete all tasks.
🌡️Level: Beginners: Medium ~ Hard; Experts: Easy ~ Medium.
#osintchallenge
youtu.be/WGw7xLKOqn8
OSINT Exercise 032 is now live!
gralhix.com/osint-exerci...
A video was recorded by an unknown traveller at an undisclosed airport. Despite the absolutely chaos of the footage (be warned!), it is possible to determine the exact date, time, an in which terminal the person was.
I hope you enjoy ❤️
gralhix.com/osint-exerci...
A video was recorded by an unknown traveller at an undisclosed airport. Despite the absolutely chaos of the footage (be warned!), it is possible to determine the exact date, time, an in which terminal the person was.
I hope you enjoy ❤️
OSINT Exercise #032
Welcome to OSINT Exercise #032! Task briefing: Airports are global hubs where cultures, languages, and lives briefly intersect. Millions of people pass through them each day. On an undisclosed date…
gralhix.com
September 4, 2025 at 11:32 AM
OSINT Exercise 032 is now live!
gralhix.com/osint-exerci...
A video was recorded by an unknown traveller at an undisclosed airport. Despite the absolutely chaos of the footage (be warned!), it is possible to determine the exact date, time, an in which terminal the person was.
I hope you enjoy ❤️
gralhix.com/osint-exerci...
A video was recorded by an unknown traveller at an undisclosed airport. Despite the absolutely chaos of the footage (be warned!), it is possible to determine the exact date, time, an in which terminal the person was.
I hope you enjoy ❤️
The @cen4infores.bsky.social is looking for a UK-based OSINT Investigator with Arabic and/or Farsi language skills.
The closing date for this role is 9 July 2025, so there are only a few days left!
If you wish to apply please follow the instructions on the website:
apply.workable.com/centre-for-i...
The closing date for this role is 9 July 2025, so there are only a few days left!
If you wish to apply please follow the instructions on the website:
apply.workable.com/centre-for-i...
July 6, 2025 at 8:19 PM
The @cen4infores.bsky.social is looking for a UK-based OSINT Investigator with Arabic and/or Farsi language skills.
The closing date for this role is 9 July 2025, so there are only a few days left!
If you wish to apply please follow the instructions on the website:
apply.workable.com/centre-for-i...
The closing date for this role is 9 July 2025, so there are only a few days left!
If you wish to apply please follow the instructions on the website:
apply.workable.com/centre-for-i...
"How to access geoblocked websites without a VPN"
Content restrictions are a hassle, especially in open source investigations. VPNs are great, but not always an option.
This blog post explores a simple workaround, with a couple of real world examples to try yourself 🔽
gralhix.com/2025/06/23/h...
Content restrictions are a hassle, especially in open source investigations. VPNs are great, but not always an option.
This blog post explores a simple workaround, with a couple of real world examples to try yourself 🔽
gralhix.com/2025/06/23/h...
How to access geoblocked websites without a VPN
Our ability to access online content depends on where we are based. Websites, platforms, organisations, and even entire countries may choose to restrict access to certain content based on geographi…
gralhix.com
June 23, 2025 at 6:47 PM
"How to access geoblocked websites without a VPN"
Content restrictions are a hassle, especially in open source investigations. VPNs are great, but not always an option.
This blog post explores a simple workaround, with a couple of real world examples to try yourself 🔽
gralhix.com/2025/06/23/h...
Content restrictions are a hassle, especially in open source investigations. VPNs are great, but not always an option.
This blog post explores a simple workaround, with a couple of real world examples to try yourself 🔽
gralhix.com/2025/06/23/h...
🕵️ The final walkthrough in my Back in Time series for @bellingcat.com is out!
The "Toolkit Tracing" OSINT challenge focuses on the skills needed to track down documents that have been deleted, moved, or updated. The video covers several techniques useful to these situations.
youtu.be/c40_x-_nvS4
The "Toolkit Tracing" OSINT challenge focuses on the skills needed to track down documents that have been deleted, moved, or updated. The video covers several techniques useful to these situations.
youtu.be/c40_x-_nvS4
Bellingcat OSINT Challenge | Back in Time: Toolkit Tracing | Full solution and walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
youtu.be
June 1, 2025 at 5:56 PM
🕵️ The final walkthrough in my Back in Time series for @bellingcat.com is out!
The "Toolkit Tracing" OSINT challenge focuses on the skills needed to track down documents that have been deleted, moved, or updated. The video covers several techniques useful to these situations.
youtu.be/c40_x-_nvS4
The "Toolkit Tracing" OSINT challenge focuses on the skills needed to track down documents that have been deleted, moved, or updated. The video covers several techniques useful to these situations.
youtu.be/c40_x-_nvS4
🕵️Just uploaded a walkthrough for the 4th @bellingcat.com's Back in Time OSINT challenge: "Future Plans".
I designed this one to show how staying organised helps tackle complex investigations with multiple pivot points.
Hope it’s helpful!
youtu.be/P6cN7QRaEA4
I designed this one to show how staying organised helps tackle complex investigations with multiple pivot points.
Hope it’s helpful!
youtu.be/P6cN7QRaEA4
Bellingcat OSINT Challenge | Back in Time: Future Plans | Full solution and walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
youtu.be
May 26, 2025 at 5:25 PM
🕵️Just uploaded a walkthrough for the 4th @bellingcat.com's Back in Time OSINT challenge: "Future Plans".
I designed this one to show how staying organised helps tackle complex investigations with multiple pivot points.
Hope it’s helpful!
youtu.be/P6cN7QRaEA4
I designed this one to show how staying organised helps tackle complex investigations with multiple pivot points.
Hope it’s helpful!
youtu.be/P6cN7QRaEA4
🔍 Another chance to use #OSINTforGood: Europol has added new images to their #TraceAnObject page.
Your skills could help identify key items in child sexual abuse cases.
Every clue counts!
www.europol.europa.eu/stopchildabuse
Your skills could help identify key items in child sexual abuse cases.
Every clue counts!
www.europol.europa.eu/stopchildabuse
May 26, 2025 at 4:17 PM
🔍 Another chance to use #OSINTforGood: Europol has added new images to their #TraceAnObject page.
Your skills could help identify key items in child sexual abuse cases.
Every clue counts!
www.europol.europa.eu/stopchildabuse
Your skills could help identify key items in child sexual abuse cases.
Every clue counts!
www.europol.europa.eu/stopchildabuse
Reposted by Sofia Santos
Looking for a distraction? Try some of the great challenges @gralhix.bsky.social has on gralhix.com Loads of good #OSINT content there, go now.
Sofia Santos | OSINT Analysis & Exercises
Visit the post for more.
gralhix.com
May 23, 2025 at 6:23 PM
Looking for a distraction? Try some of the great challenges @gralhix.bsky.social has on gralhix.com Loads of good #OSINT content there, go now.
Reposted by Sofia Santos
New job: Tech Investigations Editor @lighthousereports.com.
If you're into investigating Big Tech, AI accountability, and researching at the impact of tech on our lives, this could be the job for you. wrkbl.ink/6hIlpoY
If you're into investigating Big Tech, AI accountability, and researching at the impact of tech on our lives, this could be the job for you. wrkbl.ink/6hIlpoY
Tech Investigations Editor - Lighthouse Reports
Lighthouse is an award-winning investigative newsroom working with some of the world’s leading media to deliver deeply reported, public interest investigations. We’ve co-published series and investiga...
apply.workable.com
May 23, 2025 at 10:16 AM
New job: Tech Investigations Editor @lighthousereports.com.
If you're into investigating Big Tech, AI accountability, and researching at the impact of tech on our lives, this could be the job for you. wrkbl.ink/6hIlpoY
If you're into investigating Big Tech, AI accountability, and researching at the impact of tech on our lives, this could be the job for you. wrkbl.ink/6hIlpoY
The "Creating Community" @bellingcat.com OSINT challenge walkthrough is now live! I got to explore and talk about time zones, how systems interpret them, and why they matter in investigations. Such a fascinating topic 🤓
I hope the video is fun and educational ❤️
youtu.be/AlrwKfcne20
I hope the video is fun and educational ❤️
youtu.be/AlrwKfcne20
Bellingcat OSINT Challenge | Back in Time: Creating Community | Full solution and walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
youtu.be
May 23, 2025 at 9:33 AM
The "Creating Community" @bellingcat.com OSINT challenge walkthrough is now live! I got to explore and talk about time zones, how systems interpret them, and why they matter in investigations. Such a fascinating topic 🤓
I hope the video is fun and educational ❤️
youtu.be/AlrwKfcne20
I hope the video is fun and educational ❤️
youtu.be/AlrwKfcne20
🕵️ The solution to @bellingcat.com's OSINT Challenge "Training Time" is now live on Youtube!
Whether you have solved the challenge or not, I invite you to give it a watch, indoor geolocations are always fun!
youtu.be/jZ-rxhT5QYM
Whether you have solved the challenge or not, I invite you to give it a watch, indoor geolocations are always fun!
youtu.be/jZ-rxhT5QYM
Bellingcat OSINT Challenge | Back in Time: Training Time | Full solution and walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
youtu.be
May 19, 2025 at 11:13 AM
🕵️ The solution to @bellingcat.com's OSINT Challenge "Training Time" is now live on Youtube!
Whether you have solved the challenge or not, I invite you to give it a watch, indoor geolocations are always fun!
youtu.be/jZ-rxhT5QYM
Whether you have solved the challenge or not, I invite you to give it a watch, indoor geolocations are always fun!
youtu.be/jZ-rxhT5QYM
Reposted by Sofia Santos
“So many of us spend their days immersed in some of the darkest moments of humanity. We are regularly reminded that monsters do exist, and they walk among us. The toll of that realisation is not always visible, but it's nevertheless always felt” @gralhix.bsky.social
www.linkedin.com/posts/sofia-...
www.linkedin.com/posts/sofia-...
Vicarious Trauma in OSINT: Essential Reads | Sofia Santos posted on the topic | LinkedIn
In OSINT, especially within the field of human rights investigations, we often highlight and celebrate what open source research can uncover. But those achievements often come at a (high) cost.
As we ...
www.linkedin.com
May 19, 2025 at 8:47 AM
“So many of us spend their days immersed in some of the darkest moments of humanity. We are regularly reminded that monsters do exist, and they walk among us. The toll of that realisation is not always visible, but it's nevertheless always felt” @gralhix.bsky.social
www.linkedin.com/posts/sofia-...
www.linkedin.com/posts/sofia-...
🕵️ The solution to @bellingcat.com's OSINT Challenge "Fresh Faced" is now on Youtube!
Whether you've already completed it or not, I invite you to give it a watch; there is always something new to learn. One of the possible methods relied solely on critical thinking 🤔
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKsy...
Whether you've already completed it or not, I invite you to give it a watch; there is always something new to learn. One of the possible methods relied solely on critical thinking 🤔
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKsy...
Bellingcat OSINT Challenge | Back in Time: Fresh Faced | Full solution and walkthrough
YouTube video by Gralhix - Sofia Santos
www.youtube.com
May 16, 2025 at 11:52 AM
🕵️ The solution to @bellingcat.com's OSINT Challenge "Fresh Faced" is now on Youtube!
Whether you've already completed it or not, I invite you to give it a watch; there is always something new to learn. One of the possible methods relied solely on critical thinking 🤔
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKsy...
Whether you've already completed it or not, I invite you to give it a watch; there is always something new to learn. One of the possible methods relied solely on critical thinking 🤔
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKsy...
Could AI outperform, or even replace, an experienced OSINT analyst in geolocation tasks?
Tom Jarvis once again shows why he's regarded as one of the best in the field with this brilliant piece of analysis.
Check it out:
tompatrickjarvis.medium.com/gpt-geolocat...
Tom Jarvis once again shows why he's regarded as one of the best in the field with this brilliant piece of analysis.
Check it out:
tompatrickjarvis.medium.com/gpt-geolocat...
GPT geolocation — Why it’s a teacher & not a usurper
In this article, I’d like to explore a rather impressive application of AI from a practical, observational perspective — geolocation using…
tompatrickjarvis.medium.com
May 15, 2025 at 9:21 AM
Could AI outperform, or even replace, an experienced OSINT analyst in geolocation tasks?
Tom Jarvis once again shows why he's regarded as one of the best in the field with this brilliant piece of analysis.
Check it out:
tompatrickjarvis.medium.com/gpt-geolocat...
Tom Jarvis once again shows why he's regarded as one of the best in the field with this brilliant piece of analysis.
Check it out:
tompatrickjarvis.medium.com/gpt-geolocat...
Reposted by Sofia Santos
This is starting in about 20 minutes!
Tune into our Patreon page to watch me struggle and get sweaty with @gralhix.bsky.social's open source research challenges!
Tune into our Patreon page to watch me struggle and get sweaty with @gralhix.bsky.social's open source research challenges!
Join our Director for Research and Training @giancarlofiorella.bsky.social as he takes on the latest Bellingcat challenges live on Patreon. Can he solve all five within the hour? Open to all Patreon members we will be streaming at 5pm CEST/11am EDT, Wednesday May 14th on Patreon.com/Bellingcat
May 14, 2025 at 2:38 PM
This is starting in about 20 minutes!
Tune into our Patreon page to watch me struggle and get sweaty with @gralhix.bsky.social's open source research challenges!
Tune into our Patreon page to watch me struggle and get sweaty with @gralhix.bsky.social's open source research challenges!
Reposted by Sofia Santos
Join our Director for Research and Training @giancarlofiorella.bsky.social as he takes on the latest Bellingcat challenges live on Patreon. Can he solve all five within the hour? Open to all Patreon members we will be streaming at 5pm CEST/11am EDT, Wednesday May 14th on Patreon.com/Bellingcat
May 12, 2025 at 3:00 PM
Join our Director for Research and Training @giancarlofiorella.bsky.social as he takes on the latest Bellingcat challenges live on Patreon. Can he solve all five within the hour? Open to all Patreon members we will be streaming at 5pm CEST/11am EDT, Wednesday May 14th on Patreon.com/Bellingcat
Reposted by Sofia Santos
We’re back — the new open source challenges launch today! This month they were created by the one and only @gralhix.bsky.social, and take a deep dive into Bellingcat’s archives. Are you ready? Find the new challenges on Challenge.bellingcat.com
May 5, 2025 at 11:19 AM
We’re back — the new open source challenges launch today! This month they were created by the one and only @gralhix.bsky.social, and take a deep dive into Bellingcat’s archives. Are you ready? Find the new challenges on Challenge.bellingcat.com
I have created five OSINT challenges! 🎉
The set, titled "Back in Time", focuses on @bellingcat.com's many contributions to the OSINT community over the past decade, and can be found on their new challenge platform.
Go and check them out! 🔽
challenge.bellingcat.com
The set, titled "Back in Time", focuses on @bellingcat.com's many contributions to the OSINT community over the past decade, and can be found on their new challenge platform.
Go and check them out! 🔽
challenge.bellingcat.com
May 5, 2025 at 10:09 AM
I have created five OSINT challenges! 🎉
The set, titled "Back in Time", focuses on @bellingcat.com's many contributions to the OSINT community over the past decade, and can be found on their new challenge platform.
Go and check them out! 🔽
challenge.bellingcat.com
The set, titled "Back in Time", focuses on @bellingcat.com's many contributions to the OSINT community over the past decade, and can be found on their new challenge platform.
Go and check them out! 🔽
challenge.bellingcat.com