FREE
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
Home for public learning
Rethinking systems that shape our lives
Imagining a future that works for all of us
Home for public learning
Rethinking systems that shape our lives
Imagining a future that works for all of us
Reposted by FREE
Our 3rd session is on 💸Cost of Living Crisis and Inflation💸.
Join the discussion with @plbds.bsky.social and Ramaa Vasudevan, chaired by @hwanheebae.bsky.social on ⏰Wednesday 12 Nov 6-8pm (UK) / 1-3pm (NY) / 12-2pm (OK).
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb.
supported by @gftuet.org.uk
Join the discussion with @plbds.bsky.social and Ramaa Vasudevan, chaired by @hwanheebae.bsky.social on ⏰Wednesday 12 Nov 6-8pm (UK) / 1-3pm (NY) / 12-2pm (OK).
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb.
supported by @gftuet.org.uk
November 10, 2025 at 9:34 AM
Our 3rd session is on 💸Cost of Living Crisis and Inflation💸.
Join the discussion with @plbds.bsky.social and Ramaa Vasudevan, chaired by @hwanheebae.bsky.social on ⏰Wednesday 12 Nov 6-8pm (UK) / 1-3pm (NY) / 12-2pm (OK).
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb.
supported by @gftuet.org.uk
Join the discussion with @plbds.bsky.social and Ramaa Vasudevan, chaired by @hwanheebae.bsky.social on ⏰Wednesday 12 Nov 6-8pm (UK) / 1-3pm (NY) / 12-2pm (OK).
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb.
supported by @gftuet.org.uk
Rob Robinson breaks down why housing, wages, and inequality are an economic system that profits from keeping us precarious.
The 1% profits while the rest of us struggle to survive, and people are finally starting to wake up.
What will we do next?
👉 Full episode youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
The 1% profits while the rest of us struggle to survive, and people are finally starting to wake up.
What will we do next?
👉 Full episode youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
November 9, 2025 at 12:26 PM
Rob Robinson breaks down why housing, wages, and inequality are an economic system that profits from keeping us precarious.
The 1% profits while the rest of us struggle to survive, and people are finally starting to wake up.
What will we do next?
👉 Full episode youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
The 1% profits while the rest of us struggle to survive, and people are finally starting to wake up.
What will we do next?
👉 Full episode youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
#ZohranMamdani & today’s election for #NYCMayor has energized a generation fighting for #AffordableHousing and #RightToHousing.
We talked with Rob Robinson about what it will take to make that dream real.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
We talked with Rob Robinson about what it will take to make that dream real.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
November 4, 2025 at 12:26 PM
#ZohranMamdani & today’s election for #NYCMayor has energized a generation fighting for #AffordableHousing and #RightToHousing.
We talked with Rob Robinson about what it will take to make that dream real.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
We talked with Rob Robinson about what it will take to make that dream real.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/gZcvVZbTDAE
Reposted by FREE
10 year sentence (7 served), felony charge, for failing to report spanking
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
Mass Incarceration: What You’re Not Supposed to Know
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
November 3, 2025 at 8:22 PM
10 year sentence (7 served), felony charge, for failing to report spanking
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
As SNAP benefits are frozen, the U.S. continues to fund policing, ICE, and surveillance without pause.
This is how the punishment economy works, starve the safety net, feed the system of control.
care?
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/toGO-ui1nfw
#GovernmentShutdown #MassIncarceration #SNAPBenefits
This is how the punishment economy works, starve the safety net, feed the system of control.
care?
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/toGO-ui1nfw
#GovernmentShutdown #MassIncarceration #SNAPBenefits
November 3, 2025 at 5:01 PM
As SNAP benefits are frozen, the U.S. continues to fund policing, ICE, and surveillance without pause.
This is how the punishment economy works, starve the safety net, feed the system of control.
care?
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/toGO-ui1nfw
#GovernmentShutdown #MassIncarceration #SNAPBenefits
This is how the punishment economy works, starve the safety net, feed the system of control.
care?
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/toGO-ui1nfw
#GovernmentShutdown #MassIncarceration #SNAPBenefits
Reposted by FREE
FREE – Forum for( @freefreeforum.bsky.social )Real Economic Emancipation "The Business of Poverty: How the System Profits from Homelessness" Clara Mattei, Rob Robinson www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZcv...
The Business of Poverty: How the System Profits from Homelessness
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
www.youtube.com
October 30, 2025 at 6:40 PM
FREE – Forum for( @freefreeforum.bsky.social )Real Economic Emancipation "The Business of Poverty: How the System Profits from Homelessness" Clara Mattei, Rob Robinson www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZcv...
Reposted by FREE
Great discussion with @profwolff.bsky.social @stevemaherecon.bsky.social & Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social !
📺Catch up on the 1st session in the Political Economy International School series w/ @profwolff.bsky.social, Steve Maher & Clara Mattei.
Trump & Tariffs: Understanding the New World Order
👀Watch and share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2Gr...
#GFTUET #PoliticalEconomy #Trump #Tariffs
Trump & Tariffs: Understanding the New World Order
👀Watch and share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2Gr...
#GFTUET #PoliticalEconomy #Trump #Tariffs
Trump & Tariffs: Understanding the New World Order
YouTube video by GFTU Educational Trust
www.youtube.com
October 17, 2025 at 6:48 PM
Great discussion with @profwolff.bsky.social @stevemaherecon.bsky.social & Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social !
Reposted by FREE
📺Catch up on the 2nd session in the #PoliticalEconomy International School series w/ Costas Lapavitsas, Clara Mattei & Hanin Khawaja.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social
@nssrnews.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
📷Watch & share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJh2...
#GFTUET #TradeUnions #Militarisation
@soaseconomics.bsky.social
@nssrnews.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
📷Watch & share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJh2...
#GFTUET #TradeUnions #Militarisation
Should Trade Unions Resist Militarisation and the Arms Industry?
YouTube video by GFTU Educational Trust
www.youtube.com
October 30, 2025 at 11:52 AM
📺Catch up on the 2nd session in the #PoliticalEconomy International School series w/ Costas Lapavitsas, Clara Mattei & Hanin Khawaja.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social
@nssrnews.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
📷Watch & share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJh2...
#GFTUET #TradeUnions #Militarisation
@soaseconomics.bsky.social
@nssrnews.bsky.social
@freefreeforum.bsky.social
📷Watch & share: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJh2...
#GFTUET #TradeUnions #Militarisation
Reposted by FREE
📍Wednesday 15 Oct 6-8pm (UK)
🌍The Changing World Order: Tariffs, Trade War, and More🌏 by @stevemaherecon.bsky.social
& @profwolff.bsky.social, chaired by Clara Mattei.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social @nssrnews.bsky.social @gftuet.org.uk @gftu.org.uk
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb
🌍The Changing World Order: Tariffs, Trade War, and More🌏 by @stevemaherecon.bsky.social
& @profwolff.bsky.social, chaired by Clara Mattei.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social @nssrnews.bsky.social @gftuet.org.uk @gftu.org.uk
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb
October 13, 2025 at 1:55 PM
📍Wednesday 15 Oct 6-8pm (UK)
🌍The Changing World Order: Tariffs, Trade War, and More🌏 by @stevemaherecon.bsky.social
& @profwolff.bsky.social, chaired by Clara Mattei.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social @nssrnews.bsky.social @gftuet.org.uk @gftu.org.uk
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb
🌍The Changing World Order: Tariffs, Trade War, and More🌏 by @stevemaherecon.bsky.social
& @profwolff.bsky.social, chaired by Clara Mattei.
@soaseconomics.bsky.social @nssrnews.bsky.social @gftuet.org.uk @gftu.org.uk
Sign up to receive Zoom link: bit.ly/47u3rZb
#MassIncarceration isn’t a failure, it’s a business model.
The U.S. locks up more people than any country on Earth.
From #prisonlabor to billion-dollar contracts, the system turns punishment into profit — draining resources from #housing, #education, and care.
#Justice #Abolition
🧵 ↓
The U.S. locks up more people than any country on Earth.
From #prisonlabor to billion-dollar contracts, the system turns punishment into profit — draining resources from #housing, #education, and care.
#Justice #Abolition
🧵 ↓
October 13, 2025 at 12:53 PM
#MassIncarceration isn’t a failure, it’s a business model.
The U.S. locks up more people than any country on Earth.
From #prisonlabor to billion-dollar contracts, the system turns punishment into profit — draining resources from #housing, #education, and care.
#Justice #Abolition
🧵 ↓
The U.S. locks up more people than any country on Earth.
From #prisonlabor to billion-dollar contracts, the system turns punishment into profit — draining resources from #housing, #education, and care.
#Justice #Abolition
🧵 ↓
This Nobel Peace Prize isn’t for peace, it’s to honor those who privatize, deregulate, and serve empire not those who fight for humanity.
This “peace” award is a tool to validate capitalist hawks and whitewash imperial agendas in the name of democracy.
#NobelPeacePrize #Machado #Austerity
This “peace” award is a tool to validate capitalist hawks and whitewash imperial agendas in the name of democracy.
#NobelPeacePrize #Machado #Austerity
October 10, 2025 at 6:17 PM
This Nobel Peace Prize isn’t for peace, it’s to honor those who privatize, deregulate, and serve empire not those who fight for humanity.
This “peace” award is a tool to validate capitalist hawks and whitewash imperial agendas in the name of democracy.
#NobelPeacePrize #Machado #Austerity
This “peace” award is a tool to validate capitalist hawks and whitewash imperial agendas in the name of democracy.
#NobelPeacePrize #Machado #Austerity
youtu.be/0iIEgp1LPpA
In Gaza, destruction is rewarded with contracts and the “peace plan” is property development.
Historian @adamtooze.bsky.social & economist Clara Mattei trace how capitalism profits through ruin: war, austerity, and reconstruction form one system of control.
In Gaza, destruction is rewarded with contracts and the “peace plan” is property development.
Historian @adamtooze.bsky.social & economist Clara Mattei trace how capitalism profits through ruin: war, austerity, and reconstruction form one system of control.
Profiting Twice: War, Peace, and the Business of Gaza | Adam Tooze
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
October 8, 2025 at 4:17 PM
youtu.be/0iIEgp1LPpA
In Gaza, destruction is rewarded with contracts and the “peace plan” is property development.
Historian @adamtooze.bsky.social & economist Clara Mattei trace how capitalism profits through ruin: war, austerity, and reconstruction form one system of control.
In Gaza, destruction is rewarded with contracts and the “peace plan” is property development.
Historian @adamtooze.bsky.social & economist Clara Mattei trace how capitalism profits through ruin: war, austerity, and reconstruction form one system of control.
#Capitalism isn’t #freedom. It’s #coercion dressed as choice.
Economist @claraemattei explains why, and why it matters today.
📍Watch the full explainer: youtu.be/lPBmGP8CDus
#FreeForum
Economist @claraemattei explains why, and why it matters today.
📍Watch the full explainer: youtu.be/lPBmGP8CDus
#FreeForum
What Is Capitalism? Not What You Think
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
October 2, 2025 at 2:33 PM
#Capitalism isn’t #freedom. It’s #coercion dressed as choice.
Economist @claraemattei explains why, and why it matters today.
📍Watch the full explainer: youtu.be/lPBmGP8CDus
#FreeForum
Economist @claraemattei explains why, and why it matters today.
📍Watch the full explainer: youtu.be/lPBmGP8CDus
#FreeForum
41 boats. 500+ people. The Global Sumud Flotilla sails, risking everything to deliver aid to Gaza.
As #Trump and #Netanyahu push a plan to turn #Gaza into a business project, shredding international law, the #GlobalSumud #Flotilla sails for humanity over profit, #solidarity over militarism.
As #Trump and #Netanyahu push a plan to turn #Gaza into a business project, shredding international law, the #GlobalSumud #Flotilla sails for humanity over profit, #solidarity over militarism.
October 1, 2025 at 9:23 PM
41 boats. 500+ people. The Global Sumud Flotilla sails, risking everything to deliver aid to Gaza.
As #Trump and #Netanyahu push a plan to turn #Gaza into a business project, shredding international law, the #GlobalSumud #Flotilla sails for humanity over profit, #solidarity over militarism.
As #Trump and #Netanyahu push a plan to turn #Gaza into a business project, shredding international law, the #GlobalSumud #Flotilla sails for humanity over profit, #solidarity over militarism.
Reposted by FREE
Join me and @freefreeforum.bsky.social's Clara Mattei for a conversation about #capitalism, the importance of in-person organizing, and how we expand our imagination in a time of old and broken systems. youtu.be/ysvts8ZZTko?...
Imagination and Emancipation with Professor Clara Mattei
YouTube video by The Home Front
youtu.be
October 1, 2025 at 3:58 AM
Join me and @freefreeforum.bsky.social's Clara Mattei for a conversation about #capitalism, the importance of in-person organizing, and how we expand our imagination in a time of old and broken systems. youtu.be/ysvts8ZZTko?...
Who REALLY Creates Wealth?
#Capitalism tells us the “engines” of the economy are investors.
But the truth? It’s workers.
Clara Mattei breaks down how wealth is created by labor and stolen through unpaid time.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Exploitation #WorkersRights #freeforum
#Capitalism tells us the “engines” of the economy are investors.
But the truth? It’s workers.
Clara Mattei breaks down how wealth is created by labor and stolen through unpaid time.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Exploitation #WorkersRights #freeforum
September 29, 2025 at 12:23 PM
Who REALLY Creates Wealth?
#Capitalism tells us the “engines” of the economy are investors.
But the truth? It’s workers.
Clara Mattei breaks down how wealth is created by labor and stolen through unpaid time.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Exploitation #WorkersRights #freeforum
#Capitalism tells us the “engines” of the economy are investors.
But the truth? It’s workers.
Clara Mattei breaks down how wealth is created by labor and stolen through unpaid time.
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Exploitation #WorkersRights #freeforum
Reposted by FREE
WE ARE BACK!
With @freefreeforum.bsky.social newly joined us, we are re-launching the Series in collaboration with @gftuet.org.uk.
Find our 2025/26 programme below.
Sign up for our mailing list: bit.ly/47u3rZb
Register for courses: bit.ly/4mYcC9d
With @freefreeforum.bsky.social newly joined us, we are re-launching the Series in collaboration with @gftuet.org.uk.
Find our 2025/26 programme below.
Sign up for our mailing list: bit.ly/47u3rZb
Register for courses: bit.ly/4mYcC9d
September 11, 2025 at 1:45 PM
WE ARE BACK!
With @freefreeforum.bsky.social newly joined us, we are re-launching the Series in collaboration with @gftuet.org.uk.
Find our 2025/26 programme below.
Sign up for our mailing list: bit.ly/47u3rZb
Register for courses: bit.ly/4mYcC9d
With @freefreeforum.bsky.social newly joined us, we are re-launching the Series in collaboration with @gftuet.org.uk.
Find our 2025/26 programme below.
Sign up for our mailing list: bit.ly/47u3rZb
Register for courses: bit.ly/4mYcC9d
Reposted by FREE
#Austerity is always a lie, and works against the poor and working poor
@freefreeforum.bsky.social is a great YooToob channel for learning about #economics and #capitalistcrimes
@freefreeforum.bsky.social is a great YooToob channel for learning about #economics and #capitalistcrimes
Austerity: What They Don't Want You to Know About Our Economy
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
September 25, 2025 at 12:36 AM
#Austerity is always a lie, and works against the poor and working poor
@freefreeforum.bsky.social is a great YooToob channel for learning about #economics and #capitalistcrimes
@freefreeforum.bsky.social is a great YooToob channel for learning about #economics and #capitalistcrimes
Reposted by FREE
Historian David McNally (author of Slavery and Capitalism: A New Marxist History) joins economist Clara Mattei on the @freefreeforum.bsky.social program
Capitalism Didn’t Replace Slavery, It Scaled It | David McNally
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
September 24, 2025 at 4:59 PM
Historian David McNally (author of Slavery and Capitalism: A New Marxist History) joins economist Clara Mattei on the @freefreeforum.bsky.social program
What if slavery wasn’t America’s past, but capitalism’s business model scaled across the world?
youtu.be/5kpRIRxwmrU
New conversation with historian David McNally + economist @claraemattei reveals how #slavery built #capitalism and why resistance is the only path to #freedom.
youtu.be/5kpRIRxwmrU
New conversation with historian David McNally + economist @claraemattei reveals how #slavery built #capitalism and why resistance is the only path to #freedom.
Capitalism Didn’t Replace Slavery, It Scaled It | David McNally
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
September 24, 2025 at 12:57 PM
What if slavery wasn’t America’s past, but capitalism’s business model scaled across the world?
youtu.be/5kpRIRxwmrU
New conversation with historian David McNally + economist @claraemattei reveals how #slavery built #capitalism and why resistance is the only path to #freedom.
youtu.be/5kpRIRxwmrU
New conversation with historian David McNally + economist @claraemattei reveals how #slavery built #capitalism and why resistance is the only path to #freedom.
Slavery didn’t end because of politicians | Historian David McNally
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
September 23, 2025 at 11:26 AM
Slavery didn’t end because of politicians | Historian David McNally
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
Slavery didn’t end because of politicians | Historian David McNally
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
September 23, 2025 at 11:25 AM
Slavery didn’t end because of politicians | Historian David McNally
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
👉 Full episode here: youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
“The general strike of the slaves broke the back of slavery.” — W.E.B. Du Bois
Freedom is never gifted from above. It’s fought for together and won from below.
#Slavery #Capitalism
Politicians Won't Fix the System.
Why would they?
Once in power, the system rewards them for keeping things the same.
It only comes when ordinary people organize, push, and demand it.
👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#SystemicCorruption #Democracy #FreeForum
#PoliticalPower #FromBelow
Why would they?
Once in power, the system rewards them for keeping things the same.
It only comes when ordinary people organize, push, and demand it.
👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#SystemicCorruption #Democracy #FreeForum
#PoliticalPower #FromBelow
September 21, 2025 at 1:22 PM
Politicians Won't Fix the System.
Why would they?
Once in power, the system rewards them for keeping things the same.
It only comes when ordinary people organize, push, and demand it.
👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#SystemicCorruption #Democracy #FreeForum
#PoliticalPower #FromBelow
Why would they?
Once in power, the system rewards them for keeping things the same.
It only comes when ordinary people organize, push, and demand it.
👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#SystemicCorruption #Democracy #FreeForum
#PoliticalPower #FromBelow
Reposted by FREE
How economists invented austerity & paved the way to fascism
👊 youtu.be/ofFR1mD2UOM 👀
Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social talks about her book "The Capital Order" & the real reason we are awash in austerity measures.
👊 youtu.be/ofFR1mD2UOM 👀
Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social talks about her book "The Capital Order" & the real reason we are awash in austerity measures.
September 19, 2025 at 4:57 PM
How economists invented austerity & paved the way to fascism
👊 youtu.be/ofFR1mD2UOM 👀
Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social talks about her book "The Capital Order" & the real reason we are awash in austerity measures.
👊 youtu.be/ofFR1mD2UOM 👀
Clara Mattei @freefreeforum.bsky.social talks about her book "The Capital Order" & the real reason we are awash in austerity measures.
Capitalism didn’t replace slavery, it scaled it.
Plantation slavery wasn’t a “pre-capitalist exception.” It was the model. And the same system of exploitation still runs today.
🎥 Capitalism & Slavery: The Truth They Don’t Teach You w/ David McNally 👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Capitalism #Exploitation
Plantation slavery wasn’t a “pre-capitalist exception.” It was the model. And the same system of exploitation still runs today.
🎥 Capitalism & Slavery: The Truth They Don’t Teach You w/ David McNally 👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Capitalism #Exploitation
Capitalism & Slavery: The Truth They Don’t Teach You | David McNally & Clara Mattei
YouTube video by FREE – Forum for Real Economic Emancipation
youtu.be
September 17, 2025 at 5:10 PM
Capitalism didn’t replace slavery, it scaled it.
Plantation slavery wasn’t a “pre-capitalist exception.” It was the model. And the same system of exploitation still runs today.
🎥 Capitalism & Slavery: The Truth They Don’t Teach You w/ David McNally 👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Capitalism #Exploitation
Plantation slavery wasn’t a “pre-capitalist exception.” It was the model. And the same system of exploitation still runs today.
🎥 Capitalism & Slavery: The Truth They Don’t Teach You w/ David McNally 👉 youtu.be/RcE-4GT7C_o
#Capitalism #Exploitation