Cambridge Working Papers in Economic and Social History
@cwpeconhist.bsky.social
The Cambridge Working Papers in Economic and Social History showcases research by staff, students and affiliates in Cambridge, working on all periods and domains of economic history.
Learn more at https://www.econsoc.hist.cam.ac.uk/working_papers.php
Learn more at https://www.econsoc.hist.cam.ac.uk/working_papers.php
❕New WP from Eric Schneider and Romola Davenport❕
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐩𝐨𝐱?
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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐩𝐨𝐱?
⬇️
June 3, 2025 at 11:10 AM
❕New WP from Eric Schneider and Romola Davenport❕
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐩𝐨𝐱?
⬇️
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐩𝐨𝐱?
⬇️
❕New WP from Emma Diduch❕
𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟏 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲
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𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟏 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲
⬇️
May 28, 2025 at 9:02 AM
❕New WP from Emma Diduch❕
𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟏 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲
⬇️
𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟏 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲
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❕New WP from Emily Chung❕
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟏-𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏
⬇️
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟏-𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏
⬇️
May 6, 2025 at 8:10 AM
❕New WP from Emily Chung❕
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟏-𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏
⬇️
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟏-𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏
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❕New WP from Alexis Litvine, Thomas Thévenin, Arthur Starzec, Patrick Mille, Isabelle Séguy, and Guillaume Proffit❕
𝐀 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐊, 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎
⬇️
𝐀 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐊, 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎
⬇️
April 2, 2025 at 7:24 AM
❕New WP from Alexis Litvine, Thomas Thévenin, Arthur Starzec, Patrick Mille, Isabelle Séguy, and Guillaume Proffit❕
𝐀 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐊, 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎
⬇️
𝐀 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐊, 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎
⬇️
❕New WP from Regina Grafe, Professor of Economic History (1928)❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜
March 20, 2025 at 3:46 PM
❕New WP from Regina Grafe, Professor of Economic History (1928)❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐀𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜
❕New WP from Alban de Gmeline❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐕𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 (𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎)
⬇️
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐕𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 (𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎)
⬇️
March 10, 2025 at 1:07 PM
❕New WP from Alban de Gmeline❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐕𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 (𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎)
⬇️
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐕𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 (𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟎-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎)
⬇️
@benschneider.bsky.social - would it be OK to add our new WP series in Economic and Social history to the EH starter pack?
March 4, 2025 at 12:44 PM
@benschneider.bsky.social - would it be OK to add our new WP series in Economic and Social history to the EH starter pack?
❕New WP from @alexislitvine.bsky.social and Stan Hinton❕
𝐁𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐀 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡
𝐁𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐀 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡
March 3, 2025 at 3:03 PM
❕New WP from @alexislitvine.bsky.social and Stan Hinton❕
𝐁𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐀 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡
𝐁𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐀 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡
❕New WP from Chris Briggs, Associate Professor in Medieval British Social and Economic History❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝: 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐲𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐲𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎-𝟑𝟏
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𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝: 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐲𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐲𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎-𝟑𝟏
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February 26, 2025 at 12:40 PM
❕New WP from Chris Briggs, Associate Professor in Medieval British Social and Economic History❕
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝: 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐲𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐲𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎-𝟑𝟏
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𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝: 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐲𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐲𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎-𝟑𝟏
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❕New WP from Regina Grafe, Professor of Economic History❕
𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧? 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
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𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧? 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
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February 25, 2025 at 3:43 PM
❕New WP from Regina Grafe, Professor of Economic History❕
𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧? 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
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𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧? 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
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