The Download of the Week is Abstract Review in Article III Courts by E. Garrett West. Here is the abstract: Federal courts are supposed to engage in judicial review only in concrete cases and controversies. Many European constitutional courts, by contrast, engage in abstract review of legislation. But a combination of features of adjudication in the United States produces something functionally like abstract review of government policies, even while the formal justification for judicial review remains the dispute-resolution function.

<p><span>In a crisis of authority, where it is unclear whether executive officials will comply with judicial decisions, the courts may seem to have limited reme