Moreover, new closed-loop methodologies allow real-time monitoring of attention, enabling interventions that adaptively deliver memory probes during optimal attentional states.

We consider how wider adoption of these approaches can inform causal investigations of attention-memory interactions. 6/N

Memory precision — the fidelity of remembered details — tends to decline with age.

Recent advances in measurement techniques provide more sensitive ways to assess how attentional and memory processes change across the lifespan. 5/N

In fact, emerging work suggests that memory encoding and retrieval may be phase-dependent, aligning with hippocampal and/or neocortical theta oscillations.

We review evidence that memory performance can vary systematically with these rhythms. 4/N

Attention and episodic memory interact closely:

* Goal-directed (top-down) attention helps prioritize relevant information.

* Stimulus-driven (bottom-up) attention responds to salient events.

We discuss how these systems shape memory encoding and retrieval. 2/N

How do different forms of attention, their neural mechanisms, and related cognitive control processes influence what we learn and remember?

Recent methodological and theoretical advances are offering new insights into the relationship between attention and episodic memory. 1/N