Perhaps, I'm too influenced by Karl Popper, but I think we must recognize that *all scientific claims are wrong*. Science is a process towards truth. The scientific literature is a public record of this process and so it is filled with claims that have and will someday be shown to be wrong. 2/2

Healthcare productivity has hardly budged because ICU rooms still require a nurse on-standby, an OR still needs a surgeon, etc.

In education, labor productivity is effectively the teacher-to-student contact time (i.e., ratio). Hence, the obsession of some with MOOCs, AI teachers, etc.

I did not like the now-past NSF GRFP rules. I have ideas on how to improve, but sudden changes are not how one runs programs to see them flourish. Instead, this reeks of administrators sabotaging a program—the goal may be to induce lower application pressure to justify removing resources. 2/2