(Part 2/2) The model uncovers how homotypic and heterotypic interactions shape condensate architecture and reveals how protein dynamics differ depending on whether they are DNA-bound, in the dense phase, or freely diffusing.

(2/2) Using homology modeling and multiscale simulations, we find that net charge and charge distribution affect LLPS, with input from both folded and disordered domains. DNA reshapes HP1 condensate stability by competing between paralogs, offering insights into chromatin organization.

(2/2) We provide insight into the role of protein-mediated vs. water-mediated interactions in driving phase separation. Our calculations reveal a striking charge asymmetry: positively charged residues transfer favorably within condensates, while negatively charged ones do not.