In other words, designers have intuitive or lived experience sensibilities to propose visions (tastemaking). Human-centered design research (empathy) is secondary.

Design tastemaking can better describe how designers consider people. Good designers are tastemakers who rely on intuition and have the ability to get people to desire their proposed artifacts.

Good designers address undeterminable situations. Other practitioners typically solve determined problems in which evidence may drive decision-making.

Those who consider transdisciplinarity in designing something new probably practiced design as a trade without awareness of the economic, political, technical, and ethical components of design situations.

Paradoxically, sometimes facilitators may give more power to make design decisions (2) if they keep control of defining the design process (1) because participants may not have design skills, access, or interest.

Nonetheless, every designer’s responsibility, strategic or not, is to understand the strategic context of their work — business models, social implications, ethical challenges, and more.

Professional designing is a longer process, from framing situations to implementing proposals. Idea generation and form-giving are only a small part of working on complex design situations.

Real co-design is resource-intensive, and it is still an idealistic process that rarely happens in the real world.

Real co-design would require stakeholder involvement in the whole process. For this, designers would either need to become embedded in the community in the long term, or stakeholders would need to be hired in the long term to become embedded in design teams.

Unfortunately, design schools train designers as tradespeople without political and business skills. Also, other schools train practitioners without design skills.

In this process, they miss opportunities to consider people's goals in everyday life. Designers can reframe their work as helping people and organizations achieve their goals. This elevates design practices and makes them more strategic and relevant.

Even when they practice some human-centered design, they may try to capture insights to rethink these features and characteristics (e.g., I research people to make this tech more appealing and execute the manager's request)