Mark Ranger
@markr4nger.bsky.social
Park ranger turned environmental journalist.
markdegraff.com
markdegraff.com
![More historical events that occurred on January 6. It says:
"1601–1900
On January 6, 1641, the Parliament of Quillín convened during the Arauco War, establishing a temporary truce between Spanish colonial forces and Mapuche indigenous groups in southern Chile.[16] This diplomatic assembly, the first of its kind in the conflict, recognized Mapuche military resilience after a century of resistance, halting hostilities and delineating a de facto boundary that persisted into the 19th century, thereby constraining Spanish expansion and preserving Mapuche autonomy."](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:53zyl66nyauszsrilpokgt4b/bafkreibs2s5c4bkp2emfko4y3gfwo3o3ytukmohpqrsytitmdqnqlqxn24@jpeg)
![The beginning of the section of the Grokipedia article on Historical Events before the January 6 Capitol Attack. It says:
"Historical Events
Pre-1600
Raymond of Peñafort (c. 1175–1275), a Catalan Dominican friar, theologian, and canon lawyer, died on January 6, 1275, in Barcelona at about age 100.[11][12] Commissioned by Pope Gregory IX, he compiled the Decretales Gregorii IX (also known as the Liber Extra), a systematic collection of papal decretals from 1234 that organized ecclesiastical legislation into five books on judicial matters, decrees, and doctrine, serving as the primary source of canon law until the 1917 Codex Iuris Canonici.[11][12] This work replaced Gratian's Decretum as the standard reference, influencing legal scholarship, inquisitorial procedures, and church governance across Europe."](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:53zyl66nyauszsrilpokgt4b/bafkreiequbzmxtujl5c3d6flmgb6vkzqbing7xtihhx6xrmca4fed2nbra@jpeg)
![The beginning of the Grokipedia article on the January 6 Capitol Attack. It says:
"January 6
The events of January 6, 2021, at the United States Capitol involved a large protest by supporters of President Donald Trump against the congressional certification of the 2020 presidential election results, amid claims of widespread irregularities and fraud; during the ensuing breach, an estimated 2,000 to 2,500 individuals entered the Capitol building, temporarily halting the joint session of Congress tasked with formalizing Joe Biden's electoral victory.[1][2] The gathering, drawing between 10,000 and 30,000 people to Washington, D.C., followed a rally where Trump reiterated election concerns and called for supporters to "peacefully and patriotically" demonstrate their support.[3] Barriers were overcome amid clashes with police, leading to unauthorized access through windows, doors, and areas where officers appeared to facilitate entry in some instances, though the overall violence was limited relative to crowd size, with most entrants engaging in non-destructive activity inside](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:53zyl66nyauszsrilpokgt4b/bafkreibmit2uxe4cdwh2ovvpyix7coxxnyo6ahvv6ib6vgmjyzhbswrpqy@jpeg)
![A section of the Grokipedia article on sea ice demonstrating its bias to downplay the impacts of climate change.
"A 2025 study found that multi-model averages predict faster near-term loss (0.6 million km² per decade) than observed recently, highlighting unresolved discrepancies between simulations and data that fuel debates over projection reliability.[205] Skeptics emphasize that such overpredictions, often amplified in media and policy circles despite empirical slowdowns, exemplify a pattern of alarmism disconnected from verifiable trends, potentially eroding public trust in scientific communication."](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:53zyl66nyauszsrilpokgt4b/bafkreibp3monlyioafrhag7eikw4wifln7xox5vys3rjwndkflhun45vme@jpeg)
![This is a screenshot from the Grokipedia post on glaciers that demonstrates its bias to downplay the impacts of global warming. It says:
"Subsequent analyses revealed that such projections fueled exaggerated alarms about Himalayan water crises, with early claims predicting river flow collapses by mid-century; however, empirical data indicate that monsoon-driven precipitation sustains river volumes even amid glacier retreat, rendering "water tower collapse" narratives overstated.[220][221] Peer-reviewed reassessments, including those critiquing alarmist models, have documented relative stability in aggregate glacier mass for High Mountain Asia through the 2010s, contrasting with projections of uniform, rapid loss and underscoring model sensitivities to precipitation variability over temperature alone."](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:53zyl66nyauszsrilpokgt4b/bafkreihtb4onzptypq2txt3buv53dfatjbczecgosd4hn5doyrtakfp4te@jpeg)
We can protect California's forests from megafires.
Last month, I visited part of the Sierra Nevada that burned in 2021. In unmanaged areas, most trees died. But where land managers had thinned trees and conducted prescribed burns, nearly every tree survived.
These photos show the difference.🧪🌿🌎
Last month, I visited part of the Sierra Nevada that burned in 2021. In unmanaged areas, most trees died. But where land managers had thinned trees and conducted prescribed burns, nearly every tree survived.
These photos show the difference.🧪🌿🌎
September 22, 2025 at 10:44 PM
We can protect California's forests from megafires.
Last month, I visited part of the Sierra Nevada that burned in 2021. In unmanaged areas, most trees died. But where land managers had thinned trees and conducted prescribed burns, nearly every tree survived.
These photos show the difference.🧪🌿🌎
Last month, I visited part of the Sierra Nevada that burned in 2021. In unmanaged areas, most trees died. But where land managers had thinned trees and conducted prescribed burns, nearly every tree survived.
These photos show the difference.🧪🌿🌎
Walking through a coastal northern California forest that burned a little over 4 years ago.
Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp) are THIRVING. 🌎🌿🔥
Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp) are THIRVING. 🌎🌿🔥
January 8, 2025 at 8:29 PM
Walking through a coastal northern California forest that burned a little over 4 years ago.
Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp) are THIRVING. 🌎🌿🔥
Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp) are THIRVING. 🌎🌿🔥
Got to watch a prescribed burn for a story I’m writing about using fire to revive prairies. The most incredible thing about it was that the actual burning only lasted about 15 minutes. Fire moves fast through dried grass. #photography #nature 🌎
January 3, 2025 at 3:56 PM
Got to watch a prescribed burn for a story I’m writing about using fire to revive prairies. The most incredible thing about it was that the actual burning only lasted about 15 minutes. Fire moves fast through dried grass. #photography #nature 🌎